Abstract：The biomass of the eukaryotic microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus under Pb2+ stress with pyrogallic acid (PA) and its mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the inhibition rate of 10.0mg/L Pb2+ alone on S. obliquus was 73.1% on the 4th day, but when Pb2+experiment groups were added with different concentrations of PA (1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0mg/L) at the same time, and the inhibition rates of 1.0~10.0mg/L PA groups were significantly lower than that of Pb2+ alone groups (P<0.05). The mechanism studied indicated that Pb2+ could seriously damage the structure of S. obliquus and increase the oxidative stress of the cells, and induce the significant increase of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the early stage. After adding PA groups, the activities of four antioxidant enzymes in all groups except the highest concentration group (15mg/L PA) were kept at a higher level during the test time, especially in the 5.0~10.0mg/L PA groups, the photosynthetic efficiency and the absorption rate of Pb2+ were significantly higher than that in the Pb2+ alone stress group (P<0.05) and the morphology and structure of the cells were less damaged than that of lead alone stress group. It is speculated that the mechanism of counteracting or protecting S. obliquus from Pb2+attack at a certain concentration of PA may be related to the chelation of heavy metals by PA, which reduces the toxicity of Pb2+ and improves the photosynthetic efficiency of S. obliquus; on the other hand, PA may promote the Pb2+absorption capacity of S. obliquus by enhancing its antioxidant capacity. It is known that PA has strong inhibitory effect on cyanobacteria, therefore, it can become an important potential material for biological removal of heavy metal pollutants and complex heavy metal pollution in eutrophic water.
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