中国式行政集权的企业减排效应——基于撤县设区改革的微观分析视角

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摘要基于1998~2013年中国1014家工业企业的平衡面板数据,来识别市县间集权式改革的环境管辖权上移对企业排放行为的影响路径,对于解决分权体制下属地化管理模式造成的环境污染负外部性问题具有重要现实意义.实证结果表明:撤县设区改革会增大企业COD去除量和减小SO₂排放量,说明了该改革起到了对企业排放行为的约束作用.机制研究发现:撤县设区改革通过提高企业全要素生产率或者减少企业产量两条路径来达到减排效果.异质性分析表明,撤县设区改革的企业减排效应在非国有企业、小型企业、南方地区以及中西部地区更为明显.结论通过了区县数据替换、删除特殊样本以及使用县与市中心距离的工具变量识别等一系列稳健性检验.由此,应该设置合理的奖惩措施,保证地方政府科学落实改革方案,并对北方地区进行市场化改革,创造良好的营商环境,同时关注小型企业的市场需求,进行有效的资金人才扶持.

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关键词 ：撤县设区改革, 企业排放行为, 全要素生产率, 企业产量

Abstract：It was of great practical significance to identify the influence path of the upward shift of environmental jurisdiction in the centralized reform between cities and counties on the emission behavior of enterprises, and to solve the negative externality of environmental pollution caused by the localized management mode under the decentralized system, based on the balanced panel data of 1014 industrial enterprises in China from 1998 to 2013. The empirical results showed that the reform of removing counties and setting up districts increased the COD removal and reduced SO₂ emission, which showed that the reform played a role in restraining the emission behavior of enterprises. The mechanism research showed that the reform of removing counties and setting up districts could achieve the effect of emission reduction by improving the total factor productivity of enterprises or reducing the output of enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the enterprise emission reduction effect of the reform of removing counties and setting up districts was more obvious in non-state-owned enterprises, small enterprises, southern regions and central and western regions. A series of robustness tests were passed, such as replacing by county data, deleting special samples, and using the distance between county and city center as instrumental variable. Therefore, appropriate incentives and penalties should be set up to ensure that local governments scientifically implemented the reform plan, and carried out market-oriented reforms in the northern region to create a good business environment, while paying attention to the market demand of small enterprises and providing effective financial and talent support.

Key words： the reform of removing counties and setting up districts emission behavior of enterprises total factor productivity enterprise output

收稿日期: 2022-12-01

PACS:

X196

通讯作者: 刘军,博士,ljysbd666@163.com E-mail: ljysbd666@163.com

作者简介: 刘军(1998-),男,安徽临泉人,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事企业行为与环境政策研究.发表论文5篇.ljysbd666@163.com

引用本文:

刘军, 罗陕缘, 韦光龙. 中国式行政集权的企业减排效应——基于撤县设区改革的微观分析视角[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3796-3807. LIU Jun, LUO Shan-yuan, WEI Guang-long. The enterprise emission reduction effect of Chinese administrative centralization——Based on the micro analysis perspective of the reform of removing counties and establishing districts. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3796-3807.

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