添加剂对污泥堆肥过程中气体排放和酶活性的影响

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摘要针对市政污泥与秸秆混合在传统堆肥过程中温室气体排放量与氮损失量较高的问题，采用玉米秸秆生物炭（CSB）与煤矸石基沸石（ZL）联合堆肥，为减少堆肥过程中CH₄、NH₃、N₂O气体排放.将10%的CSB与0%、10%、20%、30%的ZL混合（百分比为添加剂与污泥秸秆混合物质量之比），同时，无添加剂作为对照组，结果表明，与对照组相比，CSB与ZL联合添加（记为10% CSB+ZL）显著提高了堆肥过程中温度和pH值，增加了堆肥有机质降解，且降解速率高于对照组和10% CSB处理.两种添加剂联合添加降低了堆肥过程中氮损失，10% CSB+10% ZL、10% CSB+20% ZL、10% CSB+30% ZL处理中CH₄、NH₃、N₂O累积排放量比对照组分别降低87.81%~90.87%、41.61%~57.45%、85.01%~94.92%，CO₂累积排放量比对照组提高55.45%~86.55%；同时，在堆肥过程中脱氢酶、蛋白酶、木聚糖酶、磷酸酶活性增强.生物炭作为膨松剂，提高堆肥孔隙率促进微生物生长和相关酶活性提高，煤矸石基沸石通过吸附减少气体排放，10% CSB+20% ZL处理通过减少堆肥过程中CH₄、NH₃、N₂O排放速率实现降低氮损失的效果最佳，

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关键词 ：脱水污泥, 玉米秸秆, 堆肥, 生物炭, 煤矸石基沸石, 氮保留

Abstract：In response to the issue of elevated greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen loss during the conventional co-composting of municipal sludge and straw blends, the combined addition of corn straw biochar (CSB) and coal gangue-based zeolite (ZL) was employed. To mitigate emissions of CH₄, NH₃ and N₂O during the composting process, 10% CSB was mixed with varying proportions of ZL (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) based on the mass ratio of additives to the sludge and corn straw mixture. Meanwhile, an untreated control group was concurrently maintained. The findings revealed that the co-application of CSB and ZL (marked as 10%CSB+ZL) led to a significant augmentation in composting temperature and pH value in comparison to the control. This enhancement facilitated enhanced degradation of organic matter within the compost, with the degradation rates surpassing those observed in both the control group and 10%CSB treatment. The simultaneous application of these two addition agents yielded a reduction in the nitrogen loss during the composting process. Compared with the control, the cumulative emission of CH₄, NH₃ and N₂O in the 10%CSB+10%ZL, 10%CSB+20%ZL, 10%CSB+30%ZL treatments decreased by percentages ranging from 87.81% to 90.87%、41.61% to 57.45%、85.01% to 94.92%, respectively, The cumulative emission of CO₂ in these treatments exhibited a substantial increase, ranging from 55.45% to 86.55% relative to the control. Furthermore, enzymatic activities, including dehydrogenase, protease, xylanase and phosphatise, experienced augmentation during the composting process. Biochar functioned as a bulking agent, increasing compost porosity to stimulate microbial growth and bolster related enzymatic activities. Coal gangue-based zeolite contributed to gas emission reduction through an adsorption mechanism. The 10%CSB+20%ZL treatment emerged as the most effective strategy in decreasing nitrogen losses, primarily by curtailing the emission rates of CH₄, NH₃ and N₂O during the composting process.

Key words： dewatered sewage sludge corn straw compost biochar coal gangue based zeolite nitrogen retention

收稿日期: 2023-03-13

PACS:

X703.5

基金资助:山西省高等学校科技创新项目（2020L0721）；山西省基础研究计划项目项目（202103021223009）

通讯作者: 葛启隆,讲师,geqilongde@163.com E-mail: geqilongde@163.com

作者简介: 葛启隆(1988-),男,山西运城人,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为水和土壤污染治理.发表论文10余篇.geqilongde@163.com.

引用本文:

葛启隆, 王国英, 侯瑞, 张静. 添加剂对污泥堆肥过程中气体排放和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(11): 5873-5883. GE Qi-long, WANG Guo-ying, HOU Rui, ZHANG Jing. Effects of the additives on gas emission and enzyme activities during sludge composting. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(11): 5873-5883.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I11/5873

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