The spatiotemporal evolution features and influencing factors of water environment co-governance in China: thinking based on the closed-loop and synergy mechanism of water control process
ZHANG Ning1, LI Hai-yang1, ZHANG Jun-biao2, WANG Zi-chen1, JIANG Meng-qi3
1. School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; 2. School of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China; 3. School of Economics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Abstract：Based on the closed-loop process of "front-end control, middle-end treatment and end protection", a water environment governance evaluation system was constructed from the following three dimensions: water resources endowment, water pollution prevention and water resources protection. Then the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of water environment governance level of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 were studied by applying the coupling degree of coordination and spatial kernel density model. Further, the collaboratively governed regions were divided according to the "space-policy-economy" (S-P-E) synergistic matrix and their collaborative governance level and influencing factors were measured. The results indicated that China's water environment governance level showed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of "the east areas taking the lead, the middle and west areas following behind, the whole country rising, and fluctuating and expanding differences between provinces". At present, China has eight water environment collaboratively governed regions with the characteristics of "spatial proximity, policy diffusion, economic linkage". There were big differences in the level of governance among regions, though in general they were all characterized by "S" type fluctuating upward trend. Further, it was found that the advantage of water environment governance development was a necessary condition for the enhancement of regional water environment collaborative governance. "Agricultural, industrial structure, agricultural mechanization and economic development had a significant positive effect on the collaborative governance of the water environment, while openness to the outside world, urbanization and population density showed a significant inhibitory effect. In addition, the promotional effect of industrial density and technological innovation showed a lagging effect, and the collaborative governance of the water environment itself had a significant "momentum effect".
张宁, 李海洋, 张俊飚, 汪子晨, 江梦琪. 中国水环境协同治理的时空演化特征及影响因素——基于治水流程闭环与协同机制统筹的思考[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(12): 6763-6777.
ZHANG Ning, LI Hai-yang, ZHANG Jun-biao, WANG Zi-chen, JIANG Meng-qi. The spatiotemporal evolution features and influencing factors of water environment co-governance in China: thinking based on the closed-loop and synergy mechanism of water control process. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(12): 6763-6777.
徐敏,秦顺兴,马乐宽,等.水生态环境保护回顾与展望:从污染防治到三水统筹[J]. 中国环境管理, 2021,13(5):69-78. Xu M, Qin S X, Ma L K, et al. Review and prospect of water ecology and environment protection: from pollution prevention and control to overall planning about water environment improvement, water resource security and water ecology protection[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2021,13(5):69-78.
[2]
芮晓霞,周小亮.水污染协同治理系统构成与协同度分析——以闽江流域为例[J]. 中国行政管理, 2020,(11):76-82. Rui X X, Zhou X L. The research on the composition and synergy degree of water pollution collaborative management system-base on minjiang river basin[J]. Chinese Public Administration, 2020,(11):6-82.
[3]
彭勃,刘旭.破解基层治理的协同难题:数字化平台的条块统合路径[J]. 理论与改革, 2022,(5):42-56. Peng B, Liu X. Solutions to coordination dilemma in primary-level governance: The Tiao Kuai unified approaches of digital platform[J]. Theory and Reform, 2022,(5):42-56.
[4]
璩爱玉,董战峰,郄晗彤,等.京津冀地区水污染联防联控联治机制研究[J]. 环境保护, 2021,49(20):38-41. Qu A Y, Dong Z F, Qie H T, et al. Study on the joint prevention and control mechanism of water pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Environmental Protection, 2021,49(20):38-41.
[5]
徐梦佳,刘冬,林乃峰,等.长三角一体化背景下生态保护红线的管理方向思考[J]. 环境保护, 2020,48(20):16-19. Xu M J, Liu D, Lin N F, et al. Thinking on the management of ecological conservation redline under the background of the integration of the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Environmental Protection, 2020,48(20):16-19.
[6]
胡志高,李光勤,曹建华.环境规制视角下的区域大气污染联合治理——分区方案设计、协同状态评价及影响因素分析[J]. 中国工业经济, 2019,(5):24-42. Hu Z G, Li G Q, Cao J H. Air pollution regional linkage control and prevention from the perspective of environmental regulation: The scheme design, state evaluation and influencing factors analysis[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2019,(5):24-42.
[7]
袁凯华,李后建,林章悦.约束性考核促进了官员的减排激励吗[J]. 当代经济科学, 2014,36(6):1-10,122. Yuan K H, Li H J, Lin Z Y. Does constraining assessment enhance the officials' incentives to reduce emission[J]. Modern Economic Science, 2014,36(6):1-10,122.
[8]
胡宗义,何冰洋,李毅.中国流域水污染协同治理研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2022,(5):66-75. Hu Z Y, He B Y, Li Y. Research on collaborative governance of water pollution in river basin[J]. China Soft Science, 2022,(5):66-75.
[9]
颜海娜,刘泽森.从“九龙治水”到“一龙治水”?——水环境跨部门协同治理的审视与反思[J]. 吉首大学学报(社会科学版), 2022,43(1): 43-56. Yan H N, Liu Z S. From “Multi-layered Regulation” to “Single Jurisdiction”: A review and reflection on interdepartmental collaboration of water environment governance[J]. Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences), 2022,43(1):43-56.
[10]
曾维华,解钰茜,陈岩.整合水权和排污权促进黄河流域横向生态补偿机制建设[J]. 环境保护, 2022,50(14):29-31. Zeng W H, Xie Y X, Chen Y. Integrate water use rights and pollutant discharge rights to promote the construction of horizontal eco- compensation mechanism in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022,50(14):29-31.
[11]
李国平,延步青,王奕淇.黄河流域污染治理的环境规制策略演化博弈研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2022,22(2):74-85. Li G P, Yan B Q, Wang Y Q. Study on environmental regulation strategy evolutionary game for pollution control in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2022,22(2):74-85.
[12]
林思宇,陈佳斌,石磊,等.环境税征收对小微企业的影响——基于湖南省小微工业企业实证数据分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(7): 2212-2218. Lin S Y, Chen J B, Shi L, et al. Impact of environmental taxes on small and micro businesses-an empirical research in Hunan Province[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(7):2212-2218.
[13]
柴茂,刘璇.跨域水污染协同治理SFIC修正模型研究——来自太湖流域的证据[J]. 湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2023,47(1): 98-105. Chai M, Liu X. Research on SFIC modified model for transregional collaborative governance of water pollution ——With evidence from Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Journal of Xiangtan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2023,47(1):98-105.
[14]
于红,杨林,郑潇.河长制能实现“以邻为壑”到“守望相助”的协同治理吗?——来自七大流域准自然实验的检验[J]. 软科学, 2022,36(6):40-47. Yu H, Yang L, Zheng X. Can river chief system realize the collaborative governance from "Beggar Thy Neighbor" to "Help Each Other"——Examination from Quasi-natural experiment in the seven Major River Basins[J]. Soft Science, 2022,36(6):40-47.
[15]
廖建凯,杜群.黄河流域协同治理:现实要求、实现路径与立法保障[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021,31(10):39-46. Liao J K, Du Q. Collaborative governance of the Yellow River Basin: realistic requirements, realization approaches and legislative emphases[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2021,31(10):39-46.
[16]
陈晓红,张威威,易国栋,等.新一代信息技术驱动下资源环境协同管理的理论逻辑及实现路径[J]. 中南大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 27(5):1-10. Chen X H, Zhang W W, Yi G D. The theory logic and realization path of resource and environment coordinated management driven by new generation information technology[J]. Journal of Central South University (Social Sciences), 2021,27(5):1-10.
[17]
颜海娜,张雪帆,王露寒.数据何以赋能水环境跨部门协同治理[J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2021,(4):115-126,207. Yan H N, Zhang X F, Wang L H. How can data empower inter－departmental collaborative governance of water environment[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2021,(4):115-126,207.
[18]
饶常林,赵思姁.跨域环境污染政府间协同治理效果的影响因素和作用路径——基于12个案例的定性比较分析[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2022,61(4):51-61. Rao C L, Zhao S X. The influencing factors and action approaches for the effect of intergovernmental collaboration in governance of cross-domain environmental pollution——A qualitative comparative analysis based on twelve cases[J]. Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2021, 61(4):51-61.
[19]
张家豪,高原.跨区域环境协同治理对企业全要素生产率的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022,42(9):4457-4464. Zhang J H, Gao Y. Impacts of cross-regional environment collaborative governance on the total factor productivity of enterprises[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(9):4457-4464.
[20]
杨立,黄涛珍.DPSIR框架下都市圈生态环境协同治理效应评价模型构建及综测——来自苏锡常都市圈的经验证据[J]. 学术论坛, 2019,42(6):41-53. Yang L, Huang Z T. The evaluation model of eco-environmental synergy in metropolitan area under DPSIR framework Evaluation model construction and comprehensive measurement of governance effects --Empirical Evidence from Su-Xi-Chang Metropolitan Area[J]. Academic Forum, 2019,42(6):41-53.
[21]
马方凯,陈英健,姜尚文.长江三角洲区域水生态环境治理思考[J]. 人民长江, 2022,53(2):48-53. Ma F K, Chen Y J, Jiang S W. Thoughts on coordinated management of water ecological environment in Yangtze River Delta region[J]. Yangtze River, 2022,53(2):48-53.
[22]
邓淇中,张玲.长江经济带水资源绿色效率时空演变特征及其影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2022,44(2):247-260. Deng Q Z, Zhang L, Spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of green efficiency of water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Resources Science, 2022,44(2):247-260.
[23]
张丛林,乔海娟,马永欢,等.推进水资源融合管理保障高水平保护与高质量发展[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021,36(11):1307-1315. Zhang C L, Qiao H J, Ma Y H, et al. Promoting integrated management of water resources to ensure high-level protection and high-quality development[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021,36(11):1307-1315.
[24]
杨艳昭,封志明,孙通,等.“一带一路”沿线国家水资源禀赋及开发利用分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019,34(6):1146-1156. Yang Y Z, Feng Z M, Sun T, et al. Water resources endowment and exploitation and utilization of countries along the Belt and Road[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019,34(6):1146-1156.
[25]
苏星.城市环境污染治理与经济发展的耦合关系建模研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2022,47(8):170-174. Su X. Study on coupling relationship modeling between urban environmental pollution control and economic development[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2022,47(8):170-174.
[26]
宋晓聪,沈鹏,赵慈,等.2021~2035年我国水污染防治战略路径研究[J]. 环境保护, 2021,49(10):42-46. Song X C, Shen P, Zhao C, et al. Study on the strategic path of water pollution prevention and control in China from 2021 to 2035[J]. Environmental Protection, 2021,49(10):42-46.
[27]
郭媛媛,于宝源.任南琪院士:我国水污染防治领域亟待科研创新[J]. 环境保护, 2022,50(12):45-47. Guo Y Y, Yu B Y. It's urgently needing to innovate the research on the field of water pollution prevention and control[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022,50(12):45-47.
[28]
黄万华,王梦迪,高红贵.长江流域水资源管理绩效水平测度及时空分异[J]. 统计与决策, 2022,38(20):48-53. Huang W H, Wang M D, Gao H G. Measurements of water resources management performance levels in the Yangtze River Basin and spatio-temporal differences[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2022,38(20):48-53.
[29]
卢佳友,周宁馨,周志方,等.“水十条”对工业水污染强度的影响及其机制[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021,31(2):90-99. Lu J Y, Zhou N X, Zhou Z F, et al. Effect and mechanism of the ‘Ten-point Water Plan' on the intensity of industrial water pollution[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2021,31(2):90-99.
[30]
张毅敏,张涛,高月香,等.长江沿线城市扬州的水环境问题解析及对策措施[J]. 环境保护, 2022,50(15):54-57. Zhang Y M, Zhang T, Gao Y X, et al. Analysis and countermeasures on water environmental problems in Yangzhou City along Yangtze River[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022,50(15):54-57.
[31]
宋妍,张明.考虑地区间环保投入策略互动的高质量发展研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2022,30(3):66-75. Song Y, Zhang M. Research on high-quality development considering inter regional environmental investment strategy interaction[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2022,30(3):66-75.
[32]
高志远,程柳,张小红.黄河流域经济发展-生态环境-水资源耦合协调水平评价[J]. 统计与决策, 2022,38(9):123-127. Gao Z Y, Liu C, Zhang X H. Evaluation of the economic development-ecological environment-water resources coupling coordination level in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2022,38(9):123-127.
[33]
孙燕铭,周传玉.长三角区域大气污染协同治理的时空演化特征及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2022,41(10):2742-2759. Sun Y M, Zhou C Y. The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of collaborative governance of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta region[J]. Geographical Research, 2022,41(10): 2742-2759.
[34]
王金南,于雷,万军,等.长江三角洲地区城市水环境承载力评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(6):1147-1151. Wang J N, Yu L, Wan J, et al. Assessment on water environmental carrying capacity in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(6):1147-1151.
[35]
吴月.技术嵌入下的超大城市群水环境协同治理:实践、困境与展望[J]. 理论月刊, 2020,(6):50-58. Wu Y. Water Environment collaborative governance in megacities based on technology embedded: practice, dilemma and prospect[J]. Theory Monthly, 2020,(6):50-58.
[36]
Taaffe E J. The urban hierarchy: An air passenger definition[J]. Economic Geography, 1962,38(1):1-14.
[37]
郝力晓,吕荣杰.突发灾害对我国经济影响的统计检验[J]. 统计与决策, 2022,38(12):37-42. Hao L X, Lyu R J. Statistical test of the impact of sudden disasters on China's economy[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2022,38(12):37-42.
[38]
周侃,殷悦,陈妤凡.城市群水污染物排放的驱动因素及尺度效应[J]. 地理学报, 2022,77(9):2219-2235. Zhou K, Yin Y, Chen H F. Driving factors and scale effects of water pollutant discharge in the urban agglomeration[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022,77(9):2219-2235.
[39]
郭晓东,郝晨,王蓓.空间视角下湖北省环境绩效评估及影响因素分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(10):4456-4463. Guo X D, Hao C, Wang B. Environmental performance evaluation and influencing factors analysis of Hubei Province from a spatial perspective[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(10):4456-4463.
[40]
周晨,余威健.FDI、劳动力要素禀赋与环境污染——基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究[J]. 投资研究, 2020,39(3):4-19. Zhou C, Yu W J. Fdi, labor factor endowment and environmental pollution: an empirical analysis based on provincial panel data from China[J]. Review of Investment Studies, 2020,39(3):4-19.
[41]
马国群,谭砚文.环境规制对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响研究——基于面板门槛模型的分析[J]. 农业技术经济, 2021,(5):77-92. Ma G Q, Tan Y W. Impact of environmental regulation on agricultural green total factor productivity: analysis based on the panel threshold model[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2021,(5):77-92.
[42]
梁琳.数字经济促进农业现代化发展路径研究[J]. 经济纵横, 2022,(9):113-120. Liang L. Research on the development path of digital economy to promote agricultural modernization. Economic Review Journal, 2022, (9):113-120.
[43]
崔木花.安徽省产业结构演变的生态环境效应[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(8):131-137,152. Cui M H. Analysis on the eco-environmental effect of industrial structure evolution in Anhui province[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(8):131-137,152.
[44]
张丽娜,徐洁,庞庆华,等.水资源与产业结构高级化的适配度时空差异及动态演变[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021,36(8):2113-2124. Zhang L N, Xu J, Pang Q H, et al. Spatio-temporal differences and dynamic evolution of the adaptabilities between water resources and advanced industrial structure[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2021, 36(8):2113-2124.
[45]
曾恩钰,陈永泰.空间溢出视角下的城市水环境影响因素研究——以太湖流域城市为例[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022,31(6):1312-1323. Zeng E Y, Chen Y T. Research on the influencing factors of city water environment from the perspective of spatial spillover: a case of cities in the Taihu Basin[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022,31(6):1312-1323.
[46]
韩雁,贾绍凤,鲁春霞,等.水资源与社会经济发展要素时空匹配特征——以张家口为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020,35(6):1392-1401. Han Y, Jia S F, Lu C X, et al. Spatiotemporal matching between water resources and social economy: A case study in Zhangjiakou[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020,35(6):1392-1401.
[47]
张静,段扬,张伟,等.京津冀区域工业水污染排放空间密度特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018,27(1):115-121. Zhang J, Duan Y, Zhang W, et al. Spatial density estimation on the industrial water pollution emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018,27(1):115-121.
[48]
胡志强,苗健铭,苗长虹.中国地市工业集聚与污染排放的空间特征及计量检验[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(2):168-176. Hu Z Q, Miao J M, Miao C H. Spatial characteristics and econometric test of industrial agglomeration and pollutant emissions in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(2):168-176.
[49]
高杨,牛子恒.农业信息化、空间溢出效应与农业绿色全要素生产率——基于SBM-ML指数法和空间杜宾模型[J]. 统计与信息论坛, 2018,33(10):66-75. Gao Y, Niu Z H. Agricultural informatization, spatial spillover effect and agricultural green total factor productivity: based on the method of SBM-ML index and spatial Durbin model[J]. Journal of Statistics and Information, 2018,33(10):66-75.
[50]
刘帅.农业信息化对农业全要素生产率的影响[J]. 社会科学家, 2021,(9):79-85. Liu S. The impact of agricultural informatization on total factor productivity in agriculture[J]. Social Scientist, 2021,(9):79-85.
[51]
范晓莉,李秋芳.城市创新行为、经济结构转型与环境污染[J]. 统计与决策, 2022,38(13):170-173. Fan X L, Li Q F. Urban innovation behavior, economic structural transformation and environmental pollution[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2022,38(13):170-173.
[52]
赵菲菲,卢丽文.环境治理视角下环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证检验[J]. 统计与决策, 2022,38(20):174-178. Zhao F F, Lu W L. An empirical test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve from an environmental governance perspective[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2022,38(20):174-178.
[53]
高宏霞,杨林,付海东.中国各省经济增长与环境污染关系的研究与预测——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的实证分析[J]. 经济学动态, 2012,(1):52-57. Gao H X, Yang L, Fu H D. Study and forecast of the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Chinese provinces: An empirical analysis based on Environmental Kuznets Curve[J]. Economic Perspectives, 2012,(1):52-57.
[54]
霍伟东,李杰锋,陈若愚.绿色发展与FDI环境效应——从“污染天堂”到“污染光环”的数据实证[J]. 财经科学, 2019,(4):106-119. Huo W D, Li J F, Chen R Y. Study on environmental effects of green development and FDI: Data demonstration from “Pollution Paradise” to “Pollution Halo”[J]. Finance & Economics, 2019,(4):106-119.
[55]
牛文元,李倩倩.中国新型城市化战略的认识[J]. 科学对社会的影响, 2010,(1):14-20. Niu Y W. China's new-urbanization report[J]. Science Press, 2010, (1):14-20.
[56]
孙才志,阎晓东.基于MRIO的中国省区和产业灰水足迹测算及转移分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020,39(2):207-218. Sun C Z, Yan X D. Measurement and transfer analysis of grey water footprint of Chinese provinces and industries based on a multi- regional input-output model[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020,39(2):207-218.
[57]
牛桂敏,郭珉嫒,杨志.建立水污染联防联控机制促进京津冀水环境协同治理[J]. 环境保护, 2019,47(2):64-67. Niu G M, Guo M A, YANG Z. Establishing Water pollution joint prevention and control mechanism to promote water environment cooperative governance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Environmental Protection, 2019,47(2):64-67.
[58]
朱永楠,苏健,王建华,等.西部地区油气资源开发与水资源协同发展模式探索[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021,23(3):129-134. Zhu Y N, Su J, Wang J H, et al. Coordinated development mode of oil and gas resources and water resources in western China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021,23(3):129-134.
[59]
郭佳,何雄伟,薛飞.人口城市化、经济增长对地区环境污染的影响[J]. 企业经济, 2018,37(7):143-149. Guo J, He X W, Xue F. Impact of population urbanization and economic growth on regional environmental pollution[J]. Enterprise Economy, 2018,37(7):143-149.
[60]
屈文波,李淑玲.中国环境污染治理中的公众参与问题——基于动态空间面板模型的实证研究[J]. 北京理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2020,22(6):1-10. Qu W B, Li S L. Public participation in pollution control in China: empirical research based on spatial dynamic panel data model[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2020,22(6):1-10.
[61]
赵梦楠,周德群.动态广义最小二乘法在面板协整中的应用研究[J]. 统计研究, 2010,27(4):96-102. Zhao M N, Zhou D Q. The dynamic GLS estimation of a cointegrated regression in panel data[J]. Statistical Research, 2010,27(4):96-102.
