胶州湾大气降水水溶性离子组成特征及来源解析

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摘要基于2019年6月至2020年8月胶州湾沿岸的大气降水样品,分析降水主要水溶性离子(Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、NH₄⁺、F^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、MAS^-(甲基磺酸根))的组成特征和湿沉降通量,评估其对近海营养成分输入的贡献和潜在生态效应,并利用气团后向轨迹和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)解析其主要来源.结果表明,观测期间,胶州湾大气降水雨量加权平均(Volume-weighted Mean, VWM)pH为6.41,电导率的VWM值为19.3μS/cm,降水中水溶性离子以Na⁺、NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、Cl^-和SO₄^2-为主,在季节上呈现出冬春季浓度明显高于夏秋季的特征,而湿沉降通量则因受降水量的控制而主要集中在夏季(约占55%).胶州湾区域大气降水共清除7274.6t水溶性离子,营养盐(主要为NH₄⁺和NO₃^-,以氮计)沉降入海量达951.9t/a,表明降水在清洁大气的同时也加剧了海洋环境的污染和海洋生态系统的失衡.气团后向轨迹分析得到了观测期间控制胶州湾降水的4类主要气团,在不同季节,降水过程受到不同气团的影响,其中以来自华东地区和东北方向的气团的影响较大.基于PMF的源解析结果显示,胶州湾大气降水水溶性离子受到农业源、海洋源、扬尘源、生物质和垃圾燃烧源、工业和交通源5种来源的共同控制,其中以农业源排放的贡献最为突出(26.7%),而其他4种源的贡献大致相当.研究证实胶州湾大气环境受到复杂人为源排放、矿物沙尘以及海洋源排放的综合制约,而人为排放的贡献占主导地位.

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关键词 ：水溶性离子, 湿沉降通量, 大气降水, 气团后向轨迹, 正定矩阵因子模型, 胶州湾

Abstract：The composition, sources and wet deposition fluxes of major water-soluble ions [Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、NH₄⁺、F^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、MAS^- (methylsulfonate)] in precipitation were analyzed based on the atmospheric precipitation samples along the coast of Jiaozhou Bay from June 2019 to August 2020. The contribution of water-soluble ions to nutrients and potential ecological effects on coastal ecosystem were evaluated, and their main sources were analyzed using the air mass backward trajectory and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Volume-weighted Mean (VWM) pH of precipitation over Jiaozhou Bay is 6.41, and the VWM value of electrical conductivity is 19.3μS/cm. The water-soluble ions in precipitation are mainly Na⁺、NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、Cl^- and SO₄^2- and their concentrations in winter and spring are significantly higher than those in summer and autumn, while the wet deposition flux is mainly concentrated in summer (about 55%) due to the control of precipitation. During the study period, the atmospheric precipitation removed 7274.6t of water-soluble ions from atmosphere and about 951.9t/a of nutrients (mainly NH₄⁺and NO₃^-, in terms of nitrogen) were deposited into Jiaozhou Bay, indicating that the atmospheric precipitation exacerbated marine environment pollution and led to the imbalance of marine ecosystem in the process of cleaning the atmosphere. Four types of air masses controlling the precipitation over Jiaozhou Bay were obtained from the analysis of the air mass backward trajectory. In different seasons, the precipitation process was affected by different air masses, among which the air masses from East China and northeast direction had a greater influence. The source analysis results based on PMF showed that the water-soluble ions in the atmospheric precipitation in Jiaozhou Bay were jointly controlled by agricultural sources, marine sources, dust sources, biomass and refuse combustion sources, industrial and traffic sources. The contribution of agricultural sources was the most prominent (26.7%), while the contribution of other four sources is roughly equal. The study proves that the atmospheric environment of Jiaozhou Bay is constrained by complex anthropogenic emissions, mineral dust and marine emissions, and the contribution of anthropogenic emissions is dominant.

Key words： water-soluble ions wet deposition flux atmospheric precipitation air mass backward trajectory positive matrix factorization Jiaozhou Bay

收稿日期: 2023-07-07

PACS:

X517

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41906035);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BD068);中国科学院海洋研究所“汇泉青年学者”人才项目

作者简介: 冯辰龙(2000-),男,山东菏泽人,中国科学院海洋研究所硕士研究生,主要从事海洋大气沉降研究.发表论文1篇.2113130048@qq.com.

引用本文:

冯辰龙, 邢建伟, 袁华茂, 宋金明. 胶州湾大气降水水溶性离子组成特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(3): 1225-1233. FENG Chen-long, XING Jian-wei, YUAN Hua-mao, SONG Jin-ming. Composition characteristics and source apportionment of water-soluble ions in atmospheric wet precipitation of Jiaozhou Bay. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(3): 1225-1233.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/1225

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