叶面阻隔对水稻吸收和转运镉的影响

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摘要为实现Cd污染农田稻米安全生产,采用田间试验,以五优1179和丝香1号作为供试材料,于水稻孕穗期和灌浆期喷施硅(Si)、硒(Se)阻隔剂,探讨其对稻谷产量、农艺性状、糙米Cd含量及不同部位对Cd吸收和转运的影响.结果表明:较空白相比,喷施流体硅后五优1179和丝香1号的稻谷产量分别增产9.02%和2.03%,喷施螯合硒后五优1179增产7.27%,丝香1号的稻米产量下降5.40%;不同处理下丝香1号的剑叶长度均大于五优1179,株高范围为110~112cm;叶面喷施流体硅可使品种五优1179和丝香1号的糙米Cd含量降至0.181,0.186mg/kg,喷施螯合硒后丝香1号的糙米Cd含量达0.169mg/kg,五优1179的糙米Cd含量由0.487mg/kg降至0.202mg/kg,未达《食品安全国家标准》(GB 2762-2022)中糙米Cd限量标准(0.2mg/kg);喷施流体硅后两种水稻不同部位Cd含量顺序为根>其他节>第一节>其他叶>剑叶>颖壳>穗轴>糙米,施用螯合硒后不同部位Cd含量变化主要表现在穗轴>颖壳.外源喷施流体硅和螯合硒均能显著降低两种水稻体内Cd含量(P<0.05),根、茎和糙米中Cd含量显著下降,TF_穗轴/_剑叶受到抑制.而相较于喷施流体硅,喷施螯合硒后水稻穗轴Cd含量和TF_穗轴/_剑叶上升,TF_颖壳/_穗轴明显下降;相关性分析结果表明,糙米Cd含量与根和茎Cd含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与其他叶Cd含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05).流体硅不但有利于提高稻米产量,还能降低糙米Cd含量,且经济成本相对较低,建议在该区域Cd污染安全利用类农田推广使用.

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关键词 ：大田, 叶面阻隔, 镉污染, 硅, 硒, 水稻

Abstract：For the safe production of rice in Cd-contaminated farmland, the field experiment was conducted by using Wuyou 1179 and Sixiang 1 as experiment varieties. Foliar spraying of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) were sprayed at the heading stage and filling stage of rice growth to study their effects on rice yield, agronomic traits, Cd content of brown rice and Cd absorption and transport in different parts. The results showed that: Compared with the blank, the rice yield of Wuyou 1179 and Sixiang 1increased by 9.02% and 2.03% after spraying fluid silicon, respectively. The yield of Wuyou 1179 increased by 7.27% after spraying chelated Se, while the rice yield of Sixiang 1decreased by 5.40%. The length of flag leaves of Sixiang 1 under different treatments was greater than that of Wuyou 1179, and the plant height range was 110~112cm. Foliar spraying of fluid Si could reduce the Cd content of brown rice in Wuyou 1179 and Sixiang 1 to 0.181mg/kg and 0.186mg/kg. Furthermore, the Cd content of brown rice in Sixiang 1after chelated Se spraying could reach 0.169mg/kg, while the Cd content of brown rice in Wuyou 1179reduced from 0.487mg/kg to 0.202mg/kg, which does not meet the national safety standard (0.2mg/kg). After spraying fluid Si, the order of Cd content in different parts of the two rice was root>other nodes>the first nodes>other leaves>flag leaves>chaffs>rachises>brown rice, and the change of Cd content in different parts after chelated Se was mainly manifested in rachises>chaffs. Exogenous spraying of fluid silicon and chelated selenium significantly reduced the Cd content (P<0.05) in both rice varieties, significantly decreased the Cd content in roots, stems and brown rice, and inhibited TF_{rachises/flag leaves}. Compared with fluid Si spraying, the Cd content of rachises and TF_{rachises/flag leaves} increased after chelated Se spraying, while the TF_{chaffs/rachises} decreased significantly. The correlation analysis results showed that the Cd content of brown rice was significantly positively correlated with the Cd content of roots and stems (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with the Cd content of other leaves (P<0.05). This study proves that fluid Si is not only beneficial to increase rice yield, but also reduce the Cd content of brown rice, and the economic cost is relatively poor. It is recommended to promote the utilization of Cd pollution safe farmland in this region.

Key words： field leaf surface barrier cadmium pollution silicon selenium rice

收稿日期: 2023-07-23

PACS:

X173

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52230006);农用地安全利用联合攻关区建设项目(KWCD5C2022028)

作者简介: 唐乐斌(1996-),男,山东临沂人,桂林理工大学硕士研究生,主要从事土壤重金属污染修复及其评价.发表论文4篇.tanglb1210@163.com.

引用本文:

唐乐斌, 黄燕玲, 周子寒, 吴辰润, 宋波. 叶面阻隔对水稻吸收和转运镉的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(3): 1534-1541. TANG Le-bin, HUANG Yan-ling, ZHOU Zi-han, WU Chen-run, SONG Bo. Effects of foliar sprays on the uptake and transport of cadmium by rice. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(3): 1534-1541.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/1534

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