秦岭北麓地区CO<sub>2</sub>和水汽湍流输送实验研究

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摘要利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地长安站2021年4月~2022年3月涡动相关系统观测资料,结合气象观测资料,研究了秦岭北麓城郊过渡带近地面大气CO₂、H₂O浓度、蒸发量以及湍流通量演变特征,并讨论了气象要素对碳通量的影响.结果表明:观测时段内CO₂小时浓度年均值为(404.4±27.9)×10^-6,与瓦里关大气背景观测站和全球背景观测站CO₂年均值浓度水平相当,水汽小时浓度年均值为9.44g/m³,年总蒸发量为1321.5mm; CO₂、水汽浓度和蒸发量均存在显著的月、季节变化特征; CO₂和水汽通量存在明显的日、月和季节变化,全年白天均表现为较强的碳吸收,观测时段内CO₂总吸收量约为-3047g/m²;夜间表现为碳排放,观测时段内总排放量约为2631g/m²;气温、土壤温度、相对湿度和风速的变化均会对区域内CO₂通量产生影响,温度升高会增加区域内植被的固碳能力;白天CO₂通量负值多出现在西风条件下,农田和植被覆盖率较大的区域为CO₂通量的主要贡献区域;夜间CO₂通量正值主要来自于植被、土壤呼吸作用和人类活动排放的贡献.总体而言,秦岭北麓城郊过渡带呈现较为明显的碳汇属性,实验时段内CO₂的净吸收量约为-416g/m².

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	彭艳
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关键词 ： CO₂通量, 秦岭北麓, 城郊过渡带, 涡动相关, 气象因子

Abstract：Based on the data obtained on April 2021 to March 2023 from eddy covariance measurements at aerosol and cloud microphysical characteristics field station over Qinling Mountains, CMA, the characteristics of CO₂ and H₂O concentration, evaporation, and flux of CO₂ and H₂O were studied and compared with some urban and suburban sites. The influence of temperature, soil temperature at 5cm depth, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction on CO₂ flux were discussed. Furthermore, the total annual CO₂ emission/absorption at the northern part of Qinling Mountains was estimated. The result showed that annual mean concentration of CO₂ was (404.4±27.9)×10^-6, which was significantly lower than those obtained at urban and suburban areas in East China while compared to the values observed at the global atmospheric background stations and the Chinese atmospheric background stations (Waliguan, Qinghai). The monthly mean concentration of CO₂ showed bimodal variation with one peak values in February and the other in October, and the minimum concentration of CO₂ was observed in June. The diurnal variation of CO₂ concentration showed higher in the early morning and midnight, while lower in the midday during four seasons. The annual mean concentration of H₂O was 9.44g/m³. And the total annual evaporation was about 1321.5mm with higher values in summer (598.1mm) and lower values in winter (84.7mm). The CO₂ flux observed at Chang'an Station showed obviously diurnal and monthly variation. And it showed strong absorption during daytime in four seasons with the maximum values appearing in June (-11.95 μmol/(m²·s)), and lowest values in January (-4.06 μmol/(m²·s)). For the nighttime it showed net emissions with higher values in July and lower in January. The water vapor flux showed relative higher during daytime and close to zero at night. The total CO₂ absorption at daytime was about -3047g/m², and the total emission of CO₂ at night was about 2631g/m² during the observation period. The diurnal and easonal variation of CO₂ flux was associate with solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature at 5cm depth, wind speed fluctuations and relative humidity. The result showed that the absorption and emission rate of CO₂ at Chang’an station were both increased with temperature, and the respiration of plants was more sensitive to the increased of temperature during nighttime. The negative values of CO₂ flux appeared mostly under westerly wind directions during the daytime, which mainly from the area with large coverage of farmland and vegetation. The positive values of CO₂ flux at night were both higher under southwesterly and easterly wind directions, which indicating that respiration of plants and anthropogenic emissions were both important to the emission of CO₂. In general, the ecosystem of the suburban area with high vegetation coverage in the northern part of the Qinling Mountains was an obvious carbon sink, and the net absorption of CO₂ during the study period was about -416g/m².

Key words： CO₂ flux the northern part of Qinling Mountains suburban area eddy covariance method meteorological factors

收稿日期: 2023-10-15

PACS:

X171.1

基金资助:干旱气象科学研究基金资助项目(IAM202211);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42175092,91544216)和陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-247)

通讯作者: 赵奎锋,正研级高工,sxzkf@163.com E-mail: sxzkf@163.com

作者简介: 彭艳(1979-),女,吉林白城人,研究员,博士,主要从事生态与大气环境相关研究.发表论文20余篇.yanpeng_sxqx@qq.com.

引用本文:

彭艳, 赵奎锋, 张璐, 张宏昇, 李星敏. 秦岭北麓地区CO₂和水汽湍流输送实验研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(5): 2407-2417. PENG Yan, ZHAO Kui-feng, ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Hong-sheng, LI Xing-min. The observation and study on the turbulent flux and transport of CO₂ and H₂O over suburban areas at the northern part of Qinling Mountains of China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(5): 2407-2417.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I5/2407

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