上海淀山湖表层沉积物中卤代阻燃剂时空分布

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摘要通过方差分析、主成分分析和商值法探究了上海淀山湖28个表层沉积物中56种卤代阻燃剂(HFRs)的时空分布特征、污染源及潜在生态风险.结果表明,上海快速工业化和城市化进程导致典型水源地淀山湖表层沉积物中3种HFRs出现明显累积,其中替代型溴代阻燃剂(∑₂₂ABFRs,21.418ng/g)浓度已超出传统溴代阻燃剂(∑₂₃PBDEs,10.344ng/g)约2倍.十溴联苯醚(BDE209,7.890ng/g),十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE,17.990ng/g)和得克隆(∑_Syn+AntiDP,1.176ng/g)是最主要的同系物.这些HFRs的高值点主要出现在环湖生活生产活动较密集的淀山湖西南区域,季节性差异不显著.主成分分析法揭示出商用十溴、五溴和八溴二苯醚及其替代品的使用,以及含新型阻燃剂的塑料制品的使用是主要来源.基于商值法的风险评估揭示出五溴联苯醚、BDE209、DBDPE、2,4,6-三溴苯氧基乙烷(BTBPE)和2-乙基己基-2,3,4,5-四溴苯甲酸酯(TBB)在绝大多数沉积物中对底栖生物均呈现中等风险,BDE209在个别采样点出现高风险,表明未来对这些卤代阻燃剂的环境监管仍需加强.

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关键词 ：湖泊沉积物, 卤代阻燃剂, 分布, 源解析, 风险评估

Abstract：In this study, 56 kinds of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were measured in surface sediments (n=28) collected from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai. Their temporal-spatial distribution characteristics, pollution sources, and potential ecological risks were explored by means of the variance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and risk quotient (RQ). Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Shanghai have caused obvious accumulations of HFRs in surface sediments from Dianshan Lake. The concentration of alternative brominated flame retardants (∑₂₂ ABFRs, 21.418ng/g) was greater about two times than that of legacy brominated flame retardants (∑₂₃ PBDEs, 10.344ng/g). BDE209 (7.890ng/g), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE, 17.990ng/g) and dechlorane plus (∑_Syn+Anti DP, 1.176ng/g) were the predominant congeners. The higher concentration values of three kinds of HFRs mainly existed at the southwest of Dianshan Lake, probably attributed to the intensive human activities including daily living and industrial production. There were no significantly seasonal differences for the three kinds of HFRs (P>0.05). The PCA results revealed that the HFRs in surface sediments primarily derived from the use of commercial deca-BDE, penta-BDE, octa-BDE, and their alternative products, as well as the emission from related products containing ABFRs. The ecological risk assessment showed that penta-BDE, BDE209, DBDPE, 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) in most of sediments posed medium risks to the sediment dwelling organisms, and BDE209 with high risk in certain sampling site. Therefore, the environmental supervision of these HFRs should be strengthened in the future.

Key words： lake sediments halogenated flame retardants distribution source analysis ecological risk assessment

收稿日期: 2023-12-01

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(42230505,41730646,41601526)

通讯作者: 刘敏,教授,mliu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn E-mail: mliu@geo.ecnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨静(1987-),女,河南信阳人,工程师,博士,主要从事城市环境地球化学过程研究.发表论文10余篇.jyang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn.

引用本文:

杨静, 邬言, 李月, 刘霞, 金芮合, 杨丁业, 王余意, 丁方方, 刘敏. 上海淀山湖表层沉积物中卤代阻燃剂时空分布[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3376-3386. YANG Jing, WU Yan, LI Yue, LIU Xia, JIN Rui-he, YANG Ding-ye, WANG Yu-yi, DING Fang-fang, LIU Min. Temporal-spatial distribution of halogenated flame retardants in surface sediments from Dianshan Lake in Shanghai. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3376-3386.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I6/3376

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