Reactive organic carbon emissions from automotive manufacturing industry in China
JIA Hai-yang1, GAO Mei-ping2, NIE Lei2, LIU Wen-wen2, WEI Wei1
1. College of Environment Sciences and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
Abstract：Eight representative automobile manufacturing enterprises were investigated, and 109 samples of raw and auxiliary materials, including coatings and adhesives, were collected to determine reactive organic carbon (ROC) and to establish the source composition spectrum of ROC in automobile manufacturing industry. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method and two-product parametric method were used to quantify the corresponding contributions of ROC to the generation of O3 and SOA. The results showed that: ① The VOC contents in different types of raw and auxiliary materials varied considerably: the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based and solvent-based automotive coatings were 289.92 and 490.32g/L; the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 27.00, 27.50 and 196.67g/L, respectively; and the average ρ(VOCs) of water-based and solvent-based cleaning agents were 116.60 and 831.20g/L. ② The main components of water-based coatings were alcohol ethers and ether esters, esters and alcohols, the main components of solvent-based coatings were aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and alcohols, and the main components of both bulk and solvent-based adhesives were alkanes. ③ In water-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were SVOCs (36.03%), IVOCs (37.77%) and VOCs (26.21%). In solvent-based coatings, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (4.59%) and VOCs (95.41%). In bulk adhesives, the main organics was VOCs (100%). In solvent-based adhesives, the mass proportions of various organics were IVOCs (2.64%) and VOCs (97.36%). ④ The OFP productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 93.67, 2679.27, 25.82, and 41.82g O3/(L raw materials), respectively, and the primary contributing species were diethylene glycol butyl ether (42.03%), 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (28.29%), 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane (52.20%), and 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptae (78.63%), respectively. ⑤ The SOA productions by water-based coatings, solvent-based coatings, bulk and solvent-based adhesives were 18.49, 16.70, 4.82, and 4.28g SOA/(L raw materials), respectively. The largest contributions to SOA formation were caused by IVOC and SVOC species in water-based coatings, yet the largest contributions to SOA formation were VOCs species in solvent-based coatings and adhesives. ⑥ After adding the assessment of the contribution of IVOCs and SVOCs species to SOA generation in the study, it was found that SOA productions per unit volume of water-based coatings were higher than that for solvent-based coatings and adhesives, which showed that the effects of SVOCs and IVOCs in water-based coatings on the atmospheric environment should be taken into account in pollution prevention policies formulation.
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