基于田-沟-塘系统优化的稻作流域氮素面源污染减排潜力评估

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摘要为全面评估稻作流域田-沟-塘系统优化条件下氮素面源污染的减排潜力,利用流域水文模型对典型稻作流域开展田面水位、沟渠和水塘多环节的情景优化模拟.结果表明,不同环节优化对氮素面源污染流失的截留效果不同,且不同水文年的截留效果存在一定差异.在田面水位优化环节,提高排水水位后的稻田总氮流失量比常规水位管理可减少7.9%~93.9%,枯水年的氮截留效果优于丰水年.在沟渠优化环节,提高沟渠植草密度后的流域氮流失削减率从0.8%提高到26.7%,丰水年的氮截留效果优于枯水年.在水塘优化环节,提高汇水面积后的流域氮流失削减率从10.5%提高到18.1%,枯水年的氮截留效果优于丰水年.在田-沟-塘系统多环节优化下,田面水位优化对流域氮流失的截留效果优于水塘优化和沟渠优化.稻作流域田-沟-塘系统多环节优化可以有效控制流域氮素面源污染流失,促进水稻生产的可持续发展.

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关键词 ：稻作流域, 面源污染, 沟渠, 水塘, 氮削减

Abstract：To comprehensively evaluate the reduction potential of diffuse nitrogen pollution under the field-ditch-pond system optimization, a watershed hydrological model was used to simulate the multi-scenario optimization of field ponding water level, ditch, and pond in a typical paddy field watershed. Results showed that different optimizations had different interception effects on diffuse nitrogen pollution, and that interception effects were different over distinct hydrological years. Under the optimization of field ponding water level, the total nitrogen loss from paddy fields after optimizing the drainage water level was reduced by 7.9% to 93.9% compared to conventional water level management, with the nitrogen interception effect being better in dry years than in wet years. Under ditch optimization, the reduction rate of nitrogen loss in the watershed increased from 0.8% to 26.7% after increasing the grass planting density of ditches, with the nitrogen interception effect being better in wet years than in dry years. Under pond optimization, the reduction rate of nitrogen loss in the watershed increased from 10.5% to 18.1% after increasing the catchment area of the pond, with the nitrogen interception effect being better in dry years than in wet years. Under the multi-optimization of the field-ditch-pond system, the interception effect of field ponding water level optimization on watershed nitrogen loss was better than that of pond optimization and ditch optimization. In summary, the multi-optimization of the field-ditch-pond system can effectively control the diffuse nitrogen pollution in paddy field watersheds and could promote the sustainable development of rice production.

Key words： paddy field watershed diffuse pollution ditch pond nitrogen reduction

收稿日期: 2024-09-06

PACS:

X52

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(U21A2039);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF202309)

作者简介: 刘连华(1991-),女,山东临沂人,副研究员,博士,主要从事流域水环境过程与污染物迁移转化研究.发表论文18篇.liulianhua@caas.cn.

引用本文:

刘连华, 欧阳威, 白艳, 郝芳华. 基于田-沟-塘系统优化的稻作流域氮素面源污染减排潜力评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(5): 2693-2699. LIU Lian-hua, OUYANG Wei, BAI Yan, HAO Fang-hua. Evaluation on the reduction potential of diffuse nitrogen pollution in paddy field watersheds based on field-ditch-pond system optimization. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(5): 2693-2699.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/2693

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