覆膜年限对花生田土壤微塑料赋存特征的影响

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摘要分析了不同覆膜年限(4~19年)对花生田土壤微塑料赋存特征的影响.结果表明:随着覆膜年限的增加,土壤中微塑料的丰度值呈现增长趋势,覆膜19年与覆膜4年相比,微塑料的丰度在660~3150个/kg之间变化;小粒径微塑料的丰度(<2mm)随着覆膜年限和土壤深度的增加而增加,长期连续覆膜促使微塑料向更深层土壤渗透,具体表现在20~30cm土层中的小粒径微塑料占据了49.9%;不同覆膜年限和不同土层深度的采样点中,微塑料颜色以透明色为主,其次是黑色、绿色和紫色,而红色等其他颜色所占比例相对较低;微塑料形态类型涵盖纤维状泡沫状、薄膜状、碎片状及颗粒状,其中纤维状占据主导地位;此外,微塑料的聚合物类型呈现多样化特点,主要由PE (聚乙烯,34.2%)、PP (聚丙烯,17%)、PS (聚苯乙烯,16.3%)构成.综上,覆膜年限的增加显著影响了土壤中透明微塑料的占比,对微塑料和聚合物类型影响不显著.

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	胡春光
	卜嫣茹
	王学霞
	刘君
	宗海英
	王芳丽
	井永苹
	宋宁宁

关键词 ：农田, 微塑料, 赋存特征, 覆膜年限, 花生

Abstract：The study analyzed the effects of different mulching durations (4 to 19 years) on the characteristics of microplastics in the soil of peanut fields. The results showed that as the mulching duration increased, the abundance of microplastics in the soil tended to rise. Compared with a mulching duration of 4 years, the abundance of microplastics in the soil with a mulching duration of 19 years varied between 660 and 3150 pieces/kg. The abundance of microplastics with a small particle size (<2mm) increased with both the mulching duration and soil depth. Long-term continuous mulching promoted the penetration of microplastics into deeper soil layers, which was specifically reflected in the fact that microplastics with a small particle size accounted for 49.9% in the 20~30cm soil layer. In sampling points with different mulching durations and soil depths, the color of microplastics was predominantly transparent, followed by black, green, and purple, while other colors such as red had relatively lower proportions. The shapes of microplastics included fibrous, foamy, film-like, fragmental, and granular, with fibrous shapes being the most dominant. Moreover, the polymer types of microplastics were diverse, mainly consisting of PE (polyethylene, 34.2%), PP (polypropylene, 17%), and PS (polystyrene, 16.3%). In summary, the increase in mulching duration significantly affected the proportion of transparent microplastics in the soil, but had no significant impact on the types of microplastics and polymers.

Key words： agricultural fields microplastics fate characteristics years of mulching peanuts

收稿日期: 2024-10-18

PACS:

X53

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1701901);山东省生态农业技术体系项目(SDAIT-30-2);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴创新提振行动计划)项目(2024TZXD077);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MD050)

作者简介: 胡春光(1981-),男,山东烟台人,实验师,硕士,主要研究方向农业农村环境污染控制与生态修复.发表论文10余篇.jackyhu-99@qau.edu.cn.

引用本文:

胡春光, 卜嫣茹, 王学霞, 刘君, 宗海英, 王芳丽, 井永苹, 宋宁宁. 覆膜年限对花生田土壤微塑料赋存特征的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(5): 2839-2848. HU Chun-guang, BU Yan-ru, WANG Xue-xia, LIU Jun, ZONG Hai-ying, WANG Fang-li, JING Yong-ping, SONG Ning-ning. Effect of film mulching age on the distribution characteristics of microplastics in the soil of peanut field soils. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(5): 2839-2848.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/2839

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