Occurrence, removal and potential risks of microplastics in disinfection processes of water treatment plants
ZHAO Si-kai1, LIU Yuan-xin1, LIANG Yue1, LIU Cong2, LI Jia-jie3, CHEN Shi-ling4, CHEN Xi1, LYU Lu1, LI Bei-yan1, YU Wei-wei1
1. Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hehai College, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; 2. Southwest Technical Engineering Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China; 3. Engineering Design Group Co. Ltd., Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; 4. Chongqing Jianzhu College, Chongqing 400072, China
Abstract：This paper reviewed the occurrence characteristics and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in disinfection processes of water treatment plants both inside and outside China, and analyzed the MPs removal effectiveness of chlorine, ozone and ultraviolet disinfection, followed by an in-depth discussion of the effects of MPs presence on disinfection and its secondary pollution. The results showed significant differences in the abundance of MPs across different water treatment plants, primarily existing in the forms of fibers and fragments, predominantly composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP), with most sizes less than 1.0mm and colors mostly black, white, or transparent. The removal rate of the chlorine disinfection unit ranged from 0% to 71.38%; but part of the water treatment plants had seen a rise in MPs abundance after the ozone and ultraviolet disinfection. The removal mechanisms of MPs by disinfection processes remained required further research. Additionally, the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) in the chlorine disinfection process could reach as high as 453.3μg/mg, higher than the formation potential of typical aquatic natural organic matter and algae organic matter, pointing to greater health risks.
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