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  Current Issue
 
2019 Vol.39 Issue.11,Published 2019-11-20
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Soil Pollution Control
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Ecology
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Environmental Toxicology
Biodiversity
Yangtze River Economic Belt
4481
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4481-4481 [Abstract] ( 192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 82KB] ( 778 )
Air Pollution Control
4482 Advances in the study of atmospheric organosulfates
CHEN Ying-ying, DING Shi-yuan, LI qin-kai, FENG Xiao-qing, LI Xiao-dong
The research status of organosulfates (OSs) at home and abroad is introduced in this paper. Previous work on OSs is summarized with the following aspects:(1) the physical and chemical characteristics and influencing factors of OSs, (2) different analysis methods and corresponding characteristics of OSs, (3) the classification, origins and formation mechanisms of OSs, and (4) the transformation and trend of OSs in the atmosphere. In addition, the molecular formula and structural formula of OSs, and three typical types of formation mechanisms are discussed. Based on the current researches, and the hotspot issues to be solved in the field of OSs researches are also discussed, and suggestions and prospects for future research on OSs are put forward.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4482-4493 [Abstract] ( 638 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 854KB] ( 3183 )
4494 Near-surface ozone observation at night
YANG Shao-bo, CAO Nian-wen, FAN Guang-qiang
During December 15th~18th, 2018, the characteristics of aerosols and ozone observed by lidar located in Wangdu, Hebei Province was analysed. The changes of the boundary layer were judged by the profile of the aerosol extinction coefficient, and then the influence of the atmospheric boundary layer on the ozone concentration in the near surface layer (300m) was studied. The results show that the boundary layer mainly affected the dry deposition of ozone and the vertical transport of high-altitude ozone. When controlled by local pollution, the near-surface ozone concentration was controlled by dry deposition, and decreased with the decrease of the height of the boundary layer. When the airflow from the northwest dominated, the ozone concentration is mainly affected by horizontal transport and high-altitude vertical transport.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4494-4501 [Abstract] ( 381 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 661KB] ( 1367 )
4502 An air pollution process and potential sources of Harbin
WANG Xing, LI Li-li, WANG Kun, LIU Yu-ping, JIA Lin-lin, JIANG Jun-qiu, ZHU Li-na
A case study was carried out in Harbin during the severe air pollution period from December 10th to 13th, 2018, with focuses on the formation, evolution and potential source areas. The results showed that the air pollution process was dominated by PM2.5. The pollution type was dominated by coal combustion from 00:00 on the 10th to 17:00 on the 11th, then developed into the secondary aerosol pollution from 17:00 on the 11th to 15:00 on the 13th, and eventually stabilized as being dominated by coal combustion after 15:00 on the 13th. Based on the analysis of weather situation, wind speed and wind direction, it can be seen that the pollution process was inseparable from the unfavorable diffusion conditions. The simulated 48h backward trajectories were mainly divided into 4categories after clustering analysis, most of them came from Inner Mongolia, Jilin and other directions. PM2.5 exceeded the air quality standard for 70.83% of the trajectories, indicating the polluted air mass from these directions had a greater impact on the air quality of Harbin. Through the PSCF and CWT analysis of the simulated 48h backward trajectory, it was found that the WPSCF and WCWT distribution characteristics in Harbin were similar. The high values of WPSCF and WCWT were mainly concentrated in Harbin's Shuangcheng, Bayan, Acheng, Jilin Province's central and western regions, as well as Daqing and Suihua, indicating that these areas were the potential source areas of PM2.5 in Harbin.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4502-4510 [Abstract] ( 340 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2372KB] ( 1619 )
4511 Number concentration of submicron particles during winter at a suburban site of the south edge of North China
ZHENG Shu-rui, KONG Shao-fei, YAN Qin, WU Jian, ZHENG Huang, CHENG Yi, YANG Guo-wei, WU Fang-qi, NIU Zhen-zhen, ZENG Xin, LI Fan, ZHENG Ming-ming, CHEN Nan, XU Ke, YAN Ying-ying, QI Shi-hua
There was a period of heavy pollution at North China Plain in January 2018 characterized by long duration, wide range of influence and high particle number concentration. To obtain its submicron particle number size distribution during this period, a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) was deployed for a continuously monitoring at a typical suburban site in the south edge of this area. The results indicated that average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 141.32μg/m3. Particle size distribution was mainly concentrated on the ultrafine size range (78.9%) of the Nucleation mode and Atiken mode, showing a decreasing unimodal distribution, and average particle number concentration was 83174cm-3. During the heavy pollution period, particle number concentration of Nucleation mode was obviously increased, accompanied by high relative humidity (90.8±4.5)%, low wind speed (1.5±0.4) m/s and low concentration of O3 (15.8±8.3) μg/m3 conversely. The clustered 48h backward trajectories showed that air masses of observation site were mainly affected by the transportation of Hubei Province, Shaanxi Province and Shanxi Province. While the potential source regions were located at the local site and the north of the observation site based on potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory analysis.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4511-4520 [Abstract] ( 304 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1195KB] ( 1097 )
4521 Characteristics of PM2.5 in cities along the Taihang Mountains during the heating season of 2016~2018
WANG Jie, ZHANG Yi-qin, GAO Jian, XU Zhong-jun, MA Tong, LIU Su, YAN Lu-lu, LIU Jia-yuan
The OC, EC and water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in the urban atmosphere along the transmission channel of the Taihang Mountains in the heating season of 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. Pollution characteristics were explored by using the characteristic components ratio and element enrichment factor. The results showed that the air quality in the 2017 heating season was better than that in the same period of 2016. PM2.5 concentration decreased from 171.86μg/m3 to 123.90μg/m3. Compared with the same period of 2016, the PM2.5 concentration in the central city of Taihang Mountain decreased significantly during the heating season in 2017. The character of SNA ions concentratiosn and ratio in the two-year heating season was "low in north and high in south", and the SNA/EC ratios were the same trend, which indicating that the secondary inorganic formation in the south cities was sever than it in north. Oppositely, the concentrations of OC and EC and ratio were "high in the north and low in the south". The Cl-/K+ ratio and the enrichment factors of Zn and Ba were higher in the north, indicating that the northern cities might be affected heavily by primary emissions such as coal combustion and vehicles. The concentration of SO2, NO2 and CO in the heating season of each city declined in 2017, further indicating that the primary emissions in the northern cities were more serious.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4521-4529 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 594KB] ( 1321 )
4530 Estimation of PM2.5 concentration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on AOD data and GWR model
FU Hong-chen, SUN Yan-ling, WANG Bin, CHEN Li, ZHANG Hui, GAO Shuang, MAO Jian, JING Yue, SHAO Si-lu
In this study, a MODIS AOD (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aerosol Optical Depth) combination method was proposed based on land cover type, and a new 3km AOD data set was generated. PM2.5 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region for the year of 2016 was estimated by the Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) model, and was evaluated by the method of cross-validation. The results showed that the model established by AOD data after combination could explain 94.85% of the PM2.5 concentration change, with the cross-validation R2 of 0.94, the RMSE of 9.27μg/m3, and the MPE of 6.72μg/m3. These values were significantly better than that of the multiple linear regression (MLR) model; Based on the GWR model, average annual PM2.5 concentration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 58.57μg/m3, with the highest concentration of PM2.5 in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the concentration in summer was the lowest. The monthly average concentration of PM2.5 varied from 32.78 to 140.83μg/m3, the lowest and the highest concentrations were estimated in August and in December, respectively. The spatial distribution was significant compared with north part from south, the PM2.5 pollution in Hengshui City was the most serious, PM2.5 concentration was the lowest in Zhangjiakou. This method successfully compensated for the lack of PM2.5 space and provided data support for urban-scale health effects and environmental epidemiological studies.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4530-4537 [Abstract] ( 493 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1550KB] ( 1809 )
4538 The more accurate descriptions of land aerosol size distribution
WANG Jia-cheng, CUI Sheng-cheng, ZHU Yong
The size distributions of three main land aerosols (absorbing, neutral and no-absorbing) were analyzed based on aerosol robotic network (AERONET) level 2.0 data. The problems existing in the current descriptions for land aerosol size distributions were pointed out and the more accurate descriptions were proposed. The results showed when aerosol was dominated by fine particles, the relationship between fine mode radius (rf) and total aerosol optical depth (τt) exhibited high correlation, however coarse mode radius (rc) and τt didn't display such good correlation, and the relationship didn't always exhibit positive correlation, they could also exhibit negative correlation for different aerosol types. When fine mode fraction was low, neither rf and τt nor rc and τt exhibited high correlation. rf and fine mode aerosol optical depth (τf) (or rc and coarse mode aerosol optical depth (τc)) always displayed robust correlation with high coefficients, and different from the relationship between rc and τt which can exhibit positive or negative correlation, rc and τc always exhibited robust negative correlation. Finally, the influences of using the new description in satellite aerosol retrieval were discussed.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4538-4545 [Abstract] ( 253 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 751KB] ( 1077 )
4546 Impact of meteorological conditions and emission change on PM2.5 pollution in China
XU Yan-ling, XUE Wen-bo, LEI Yu
The WRF-CMAQ modeling system was employed to investigate the impact of meteorological conditions and emission reduction on PM2.5 pollution in China. The results indicate that the PM2.5 concentration observed in 2016 and 2017 decreased by 7% and 14%, respectively compared with that in 2015, indicating an evident improvement in air quality. In 2016, the decrease in PM2.5 concentration owning to meteorological factor and emission reduction were estimated to be 4% and 3%, respectively. The impact of meteorological factors in 2017 showed little difference compared with that in 2015, which implied that the decrease of emissions was the decisive factor to PM2.5 decline. In the key regions except for the Fenwei Plain, such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding region (‘2+26’ region), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region and the Chengdu-Chongqing (CYB) region, the observational concentration decreased steadily. In the PRD region, an increase of 29% in PM2.5 concentration in 2017 could be attributed to the variations of meteorological conditions. Except for the FenWei plain, the decrease of emissions contributed to a larger drop in PM2.5 concentration in 2017 in the other key regions. The results indicated that the emission cuts generally improved the air quality. The analytical methods presented in this paper could be referred when setting air quality goals or estimating environmental benefit of pollution control plans.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4546-4551 [Abstract] ( 410 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 762KB] ( 1462 )
4552 Urban-rural differences in PM2.5 concentrations in the representative cities of China during 2015~2018
JIANG Yun-cong, YANG Yuan-jian, WANG Hong, LI Yu-bin, GAO Zhi-qiu, ZHAO Chun
Observation sites in the 11 representative cities from 6 main city clusters in China were selected in this study. These observation sites were categorized into urban, suburban and rural to investigate urban-rural differences in PM2.5 concentrations. Results showed that the diurnal variation patterns of PM2.5 were relatively similar in the cities from the same city cluster, and they were also similar among the urban, suburban and rural areas in a specific city. In Jingjinji Megalopolis and Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis, the PM2.5 concentrations from the urban sites were the highest, 7.8%~9.7% higher than those from the suburban sites and 11.3%~16.9% higher than those from the rural sites. However, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the inland city clusters (i.e., Chengyu Megalopolis, Middle Yangtze River Valley Megalopolis and Guanzhong Plain Megalopolis), the PM2.5 concentrations from the suburban sites were the highest, 2.6%~11.2% higher than those from the urban sites and 16.7%~26.5% higher than those from the rural sites. Moreover, different diurnal variation patterns of urban-rural PM2.5 concentration differences were observed in different cities. For example, the diurnal variation of urban-rural PM2.5 concentration difference was unimodal in Shanghai but bimodal in Hangzhou. The maximum of urban-rural PM2.5 concentration difference occurred during the daytime in Guangzhou but during the nighttime in Shenzhen. Further, the PM2.5 concentration distribution in the urban, suburban and rural areas of the 11representative cities were under the combined effects of PM2.5 emission, transportation and diffusion.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4552-4560 [Abstract] ( 378 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2374KB] ( 1361 )
4561 Atmospheric transmission rule on air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration: A comparative analysis of two emission inventories
WANG Yuan, LI Yue, QIAO Zhi, LU Ya-ling
In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) air quality model was applied to study the effects of different emission inventories on the regional contribution of atmospheric transmission in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration under heavy pollution weather conditions. The results of four pollutants was compared (NOx, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10) from two sets of typical emission inventories (the Environmental Statistics Emission Inventory from government and the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC) from Qinghua University). From the perspective of the spatial distribution of the simulated concentrations, the results based on the two sets of emission inventories in December 2012 were similar. The concentration of pollutants under two emission inventories showed a central distribution, with Tangshan as the centre in north and Shijiazhuang-Handan as centre in the south. However, there were still some significant differences in the transmission roles of some cities based on different emission inventory inputs. For example, for the four pollutants, the transmission direction between Cangzhou and its surrounding cities were completely opposite under the two emission inventories. Cangzhou was the relativer source city among the thirteen cities based on the MEIC emissions inventories. However, based on Environmental Statistics Emission Inventory, Cangzhou was a receptor city. These conclusions will affect the identification of the source and receptors cities in air pollution joint prevention and control. In environmental management, we should pay attention to the verification and comparison of different emissions inventories.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4561-4569 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2361KB] ( 1070 )
4570 Urban scene-oriented simulation of the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration in an intra-urban area at fine scale
XU Shan, ZOU Bin, HU Chen-xia
The traditional spatial simulation technologies of PM2.5 concentration usually ignored the mechanism behind the PM2.5-urban scenes (e.g. roads, factory, residential area, scenic area) correlation. This study proposed an urban scene assumption of PM2.5 concentration, namely the PM2.5 concentration is rather homogeneous within an urban scene while heterogeneous between different urban scenes. Taking the intra-urban area of Changsha, Hunan as an example, the spatial distribution of urban scenes was manually interpreted using a priori knowledge and a high-density monitoring sampling campaign was conducted for two periods in December 24~25, 2015. Based on the hourly PM2.5 concentration observations from 203 sampling sites and the urban scene map, the urban scene difference of PM2.5 concentration was explored and an urban scene enhanced two-stage modelling strategy of geographically weighted regression and artificial neural networks (GWR-ANN) was developed. The spatial patterns of PM2.5 concentrations were simulated based on GWR-ANN at the 100×100m resolution. Results show that the spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 concentration between urban scenes do exist and the difference of PM2.5 concentration for sampling sites with the same land use/cover in two different types of urban scenes varied with time. The urban scene enhanced GWR-ANN could be effective in spatial simulation of PM2.5 concentrations at fine scale. The GWR-ANN model with urban scene variable performed better than the GWR-ANN model without urban scene variable. Except for five sampling hours with rather close statistics, the cross-validation R2 between estimated PM2.5 concentration and observed PM2.5 concentration for GWR-ANN with urban scene were higher than GWR-ANN without urban scene (0.76~0.84vs. 0.57~0.81). The spatial patterns of PM2.5 concentrations based on urban scene enhanced GWR-ANN could be effective in disclosing detail hot-spots and cold-spots of PM2.5 pollution.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4570-4579 [Abstract] ( 340 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1942KB] ( 1401 )
4580 AQI prediction of CEEMD-Elman neural network based on data decomposition
WU Man-man, XU Jian-xin, WANG Qin
Elman neural network (ENN) is susceptible to the non-stationary of data when it is used to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI), resulting in a good forecasting trend but low accuracy. Based on complementary ensemble empirical modal decomposition (CEEMD), a new hybrid model related to ENN was proposed in this paper. Firstly, CEEMD was employed to decompose the AQI sequence into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) at different time scales and one residue. Secondly, partial autocorrelation function was used to calculate the lag periods of the input variables of each IMF in ENN. Finally, the predicted values of each IMF were summed up to obtain the final predicted result. The study of the AQI without stationarity sequence was then transformed into the study of steady IMFs. The experimental results show that the mean square error, the mean absolute error, and the mean absolute percent error were respectively 4.80, 0.71, and 1.84% which were all less than those of the single Elman network, EMD-Elman model, BP network and CEEMD-BP model. Furthermore, the frequency of the correct forecast for the corresponding air quality grade was 94.12%. It has been concluded that the new model could reduce the volatility impact of real AQI data and effectively predict the air quality grade. This study not only provides an effective evidence to further predict the trend of AQI, but provides a better reference for government decision-making and pollution control formulation of management departments.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4580-4588 [Abstract] ( 371 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 624KB] ( 1069 )
4589 Comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the three-stage fog water in Mount Lushan
ZHANG Hong-wei, FAN Shu-xian, HU Chun-yang, ZHU Dan-dan, KANG Bo-shi
In order to investigate the physical and chemical properties of fog water in Mount Lushan, comprehensive observations were carried out during the wintertime of 2015 and 2016. A three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud Collector (CASCC) was used to collect the fog droplets within three size ranges (4~16μm, 16~22μm and >22μm), and in total 44 samples were obtained during the observations. Concentrations of cations and anions in each sample were also measured by using Ion Chromatography instrument. We then analyzed the correlation between the ions in each stage as well as the sources of these ions. The composition and the chemical characteristics of the fog water were also given. The results showed that the fog water in 2015 and 2016 was mostly acidic, while the pH value is lower in 2016. A correlation between the pH value and the droplet size was also found, showing a stronger acidity for smaller droplets. The major ions found in fog water were Ca2+, NH4+, SO42-, NO3- and Cl-. NH4+, SO42-, NO3- mostly reside in small droplets, and they are strongly influenced by the human activities instead of the natural sources such as ocean and soil. It is interesting to find that Cl- in 2015 was mainly affected by anthropogenic sources while in 2016 they were influenced by marine sources due to a significant reduction of the human inputs. Moreover, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were found mostly concentrated in large droplets. Due to the decrease of SO2 and NOx emission, the concentrations of SO42- and NO3- in fog water in 2016 were found remarkably lower than those in 2015.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4589-4598 [Abstract] ( 281 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 741KB] ( 1025 )
4599 Atmospheric mercury emission prediction and emission reduction in petroleum and natural gas industry for China
NIE Guo-xin, YUAN Bo, WANG Tian-hao
The production and processing of petroleum and natural gas was one of the important sources of atmospheric mercury emission from anthropogenic sources. Based on the statistical data of crude oil and natural gas production and regional distribution in different regions of China in 2015, using the mercury input factor and output factor determined by the United Nations Environment Programme, the atmospheric mercury emissions in China's oil extraction, refining, natural gas extraction and combustion were estimated. Meanwhile, according to the predictive indicators of the 13th five-year plan for oil and gas development released by the national development and reform commission, taking 2015 as the base year, three emission reduction targets were set for the atmospheric mercury emission in the oil and gas production and processing industry from 2020 to 2030, and based on that, the emission and emission reduction of atmospheric mercury in the two major industries were calculated, which could provide basic support for the implementation of Minamata Convention.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4599-4603 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 357KB] ( 1231 )
4604 Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CH4 based on aircraft observation in central and southern Hebei Province
YANG Yang, DONG Xiao-bo, MAI Rong, Lü Feng, WANG Wu-yi, SUN Xiao-shen, WANG Xiao-qing, ZHU Hai-peng
Aiming to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric CH4 in central and southern Hebei province, CH4 analyzer and associated auxiliary equipment with high precision were mounted on the King-Air 350 and used to acquire the concentration of CH4 over central and southern Hebei province (600m~5500m) during June and July in 2018. Seven sets of vertical profiles were obtained by four flights for CH4 concentration during the observation period, which was the first time in our country. Results showed that the maximum and minimum concentration of CH4 were 2038×10-9 and 1884×10-9, respectively, and the average concentration of CH4 was (1915±90)×10-9. The vertical profiles of CH4 concentration of different flights were in good agreement with the increase of altitude. The CH4 concentration first increased, then decreased, and after that remained almost constant. A clear dividing line was found under the top of the mixed layer (about 1000m). Concentration of CH4 at the same level varied greatly blow this line, and the maximum difference between different flights was 124×10-9. The vertical gradient of CH4 concentration at the same flight was significantly affected by atmospheric junction. The change of vertical gradient of CH4 concentration was not obvious when the vertical gradient of potential temperature was near zero. Above 1000m, the CH4 concentration decreased exponentially with the increase of vertical height. At the same height level, a small change of CH4 concentration was found as the variation deviation was within 5% of the average value. The CH4 concentration at the same height level had the smallest amplitude and the difference value was less than 15×10-9. The CH4 concentration in the same height layer over Shijiazhuang was larger during the daytime than at night, and the difference grew larger with the decrease of height, indicating that the CH4 emission source intensity in Shijiazhuang was greater in the day than at night.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4604-4610 [Abstract] ( 332 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1412KB] ( 1741 )
4611 Characteristics of greenhouse gas occurrence and emission in summer and autumn of Daheiting Reservoir
GONG Wan-qing, WEN Shuai-long, WANG Hong-wei, WU Tao, LI Xin, ZHONG Ji-cheng
As a typical entrophic reservoir in North China, the surface water of 27 sites in Daheting Reservoir was sampled and the concentrations of surface dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were determined by using headspace equilibrium method, to estimate its water-gas interface diffuse flux in the summer and autumn in 2018. Results indicated that the surface of Daheiting Reservoir was mainly a source of CO2, CH4 and N2O. The mean values of CO2 concentration and diffusion flux were (72.75±67.49)μmol/L and (810.62±790.64)μmol/(m2·h) in summer, and were (394.64±104.13)μmol/L and (4822.81±1250.00)μmol/(m2·h) in antumn, respectively. The mean concentration and diffusion flux of CH4 were (0.19±0.12)μmol/L and (3.04±2.10)μmol/(m2·h) in summer, and were (0.41±0.26)μmol/L and (5.16±3.23)μmol/(m2·h) in autumn, respectively. The mean values of N2O concentration and diffusion flux were (0.03±0.01)μmol/L and (0.31±0.10)μmol/(m2·h) in summer, and were (0.03±0.01)μmol/L and (0.25±0.15)μmol/(m2·h) in autumn, respectively. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the concentrations of dissolved CO2 and N2O were mainly correlated with temperature, water depth and conductivity, while CH4 concentration was mainly correlated with water depth and conductivity in summer. Concentrations of dissolved CO2 was mainly correlated with temperature, water depth and TDS, while CH4 concentration was mainly correlated with temperature, water depth and TDS, while N2O concentration was mainly correlated with water depth.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4611-4619 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 991KB] ( 1486 )
4620 Sulfur resistance of rice husk based activated carbon catalyst for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3
SHU Yun, ZHANG Fan, WANG Hong-chang, SHI Ying-jie, ZHU Jin-wei
A rice husk-derived activated carbon supported Mn-Ce catalyst (Mn-Ce/DAC) was prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. Such catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPR/TPD). The characterization results indicated that Mn-Ce/DAC catalyst exhibited the higher Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio, chemisorbed oxygen and Brønsted acid sites than commercial sawdust-derived activated carbon supported Mn-Ce catalyst (Mn-Ce/MAC). All of these factors played significant roles in the high SCR activity and SO2 resistance. In situ DRIFTS results demonstrated that sulfate formation was suppressed on the surface of the DAC support, which might be the most significant reason that Mn-Ce/DAC maintained a high SCR activity in the presence of SO2.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4620-4627 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 606KB] ( 819 )
4628 Numerical study on gas-liquid separation characteristics of cyclone dehydrator in the new OG system
LIU Zhe, QIAN Fu-ping, ZHANG Tian, HU Jia, XIA Yong-jun, LU Jin-li
According to the internal flow characteristics of cyclone dehydrator, based on the Euler-Lagrangian method, the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the cyclone dehydrator was numerically calculated and analyzed, the effects of droplet diameter, inlet mass quality of gas and turbulent diffusion on flow field distribution, dehydration efficiency, outlet mass quality of gas and outlet particle size distribution were studied. The results showed that, when mass flow rate was constant, the inlet and outlet pressure drop of cyclone dehydrator increased significantly with the inlet mass quality of gas. For droplets of single-diameter, without considering the effect of turbulent diffusion, the dehydration efficiency increasedas the inlet mass quality of gas increased. When considered the effect of turbulent diffusion, the trend was opposite for small droplets(0.1~1μm).The increase of continuous phase velocity promoted turbulence diffusion and made turbulence more turbulent, but the dehydration efficiency was higher than that without considering the effect of turbulent diffusion. Under the condition of mixed particle size, the dehydration efficiency and outlet mass quality of gas increasedas the inlet dryness increased. The calculation showed that the effect of turbulent diffusion promoted the separation of the mixed diameter droplets. As the inlet mass quality of gas increased, the peak value of the droplet mass fraction gradually moved toward small particle size, and the particle size distribution range gradually decreased.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4628-4637 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1223KB] ( 1287 )
Water Pollution Control
4638 Evolution of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) under high H2 partial pressure
XU Heng, XIA Yu, WANG Jian-Bing, HE Xu-Wen, WANG Kai-Jun
To investigate the feasibility of in-situ/biological biogas upgrading (IBBU) in anaerobic wastewater treatment (AnWT) using anaerobic granular sludge (AGS), the evolution of AGS under high H2 partial pressure and shear force was monitored with increasing influent COD load in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), in terms of reactor performance and characteristics of AGS. The results showed that smaller but intact AGS was formed and exhibited high-rate performance when the influent COD load was below 5g/(L·d). Propionate degradation via H2 interspecies transfer (HIT) mechanism was possibly enhanced in AGS. However, when the influent COD load was further increased over 6g/(L·d), uncontrollable propionate accumulation was observed. Therefore, it's necessary to find other techniques to reduce propionate accumulation under higher influent COD load in the future.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4638-4645 [Abstract] ( 305 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 803KB] ( 1085 )
4646 Analysis of reverse osmosis concentrates from printing and dyeing wastewater treatment
ZHU Li-jie, FAN Yun-shuang, XIE Kang, WEN Chen, XU Yi-nong
Various methods were used to analyze the waste water of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrates which was from printing and dyeing wastewater treatment plant in Jiangsu province, China. With IC and ICP-MS, qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out in inorganic ions, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds by GC-MS. The results show that Na+, Cl- and SO42- in RO concentrated water were major ions, and DEHP was the major component of semi-volatile organic compounds which concentration was 1.452mg/L. In order to analyze the DOM characteristics, RO concentrate was fractionated with different MW by means of ultrafiltration and with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties by XAD-8 and XAD-4 resin. The fractions were characterized by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA) and three dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM). The results showed that the fraction of molecular weight less than 1k had the largest proportion of 56.98%, while the fraction of molecular weight of 5~10k had high degree of aromatic structures although it only occupied 2.9%. The DOC in HPI*, HPO* and TPI* of RO concentrated water was almost similar. 3 DEEM displayed that HPO* had the highest degree of aromatic structure and contained more tryptophan aromatic protein, while HPI* contains more soluble microbial products.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4646-4652 [Abstract] ( 392 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 577KB] ( 1541 )
4653 Electrocatalytic degradation of organic dye RBk5 by oxide graphene
ZHOU Yu-lian, YU Yong-bo, HUANG Wan, WU Li-ying, HONG Jun-ming, ZHANG Qian
Advanced electrochemical oxidation is one technical method for organic dye wastewater treatment, its application is limited by the high cost, easy toxicity and deactivation of noble metal electrode. Therefore, the cheap and easily prepared Graphene oxide (GO) instead of Graphene (GN) was used for the reactive black 5 (RBk5) dye electrocatalytic degradation. The structure and electrochemical properties of the prepared material was analyzed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). It was indicated that the GO had high electronic transfer rate, excellent hydrophilicity and electrocatalytic activity. Effects of various factors such as different concentration of RBk5, applied current, electrolyte and initial pH were evaluated and investigated. The results showed that the electrolyte had a great influence on the material performance. The removal rate of RBk5 could reach 100% under the conditions of RBk5 concentration of 10mg/L, applied current of 20mA, reaction time of 35min and NaCl as electrolyte.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4653-4659 [Abstract] ( 386 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 694KB] ( 1578 )
4660 Nitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal performance in the pre-A2 NSBR system
ZHAO Wei-hua, LI Jian-wei, WANG Mei-xiang, HUANG Yu, FENG Yan, LI Xi-yao, PENG Yong-zhen
Biofilm nitrification and activated sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal performance were investigated in the pre-A2 NSBR system, which treated real low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio domestic sewage. The effect of organic substance and NO2--N concentration on the biofilm nitrification performance, and different electronic acceptors on the denitrifying phosphorus uptake rate were studied. Results indicated that nitrification rate was 11.3 mgNH4+-N/(L·h), the ammonia volume loading was 0.27 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d) under the filling rate of 40%, the nitrification performance was inhibited by organic substance, but the system showed a good nitrification rate of 9.72 mg NH4+-N/(L·h) when organics presented. NO2--N treatment exhibited little effect on the AOB activity but obvious effect on the NOB activity, the NOB activity was almost completely inhibited (only 1.63%) when NO2--N concentration was 400mg/L. According to the phosphorus uptake rate experiment under different electronic acceptors, the phosphorus uptake rate under oxygen and NO3--N was 17.62mg P/(g VSS·h) and 12.94mg P/(g VSS·h), respectively, anoxic phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) occupied 73.4% of the total PAOs, phosphorus uptake performance was inhibited when the NO2--N concentration was 30mg/L, and phosphorus uptake performance was inhibited when the NO2--N concentration was 15mg/L under the condition of NO2--N and NO3--N coexisted.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4660-4665 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 385KB] ( 781 )
4666 Effects of multiple factors on the process of ANAMMOX bacteria strengthening nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron
SONG Ge, ZHANG Wen-jing, BI Zhen, HUANG Yong, DONG Shi-yu
Effects of iron form, pH, temperature and Fe/N on the process of ANAMMOX bacteria strengthening nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron (Fe0) were studied by single factor control experiment combined with Central Composite Design (CCD) methodology. The results demonstrated that the test with nano-Fe0 addition showed the highest nitrate removal efficiency compared with the iron powder and iron filings addition. According to the CCD analysis, the temperature and Fe/N had significant effects on the nitrate removal efficiency, while the effect of pH was weak. The optimum reaction conditions predicted based on CCD analysis were initial pH of 4.00, temperature of 35.00℃, and Fe/N of 38.23. The predictive nitrate removal efficiency was 94.70%, which was closed to the actual experimental value of 88.99%.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4666-4672 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 452KB] ( 1144 )
4673 Migration characteristics of colloidal gas aphron in saturated media and flushing effect on PCE
HE Yu, GUO Chao, FU Yu-feng, ZHANG Jing-yi, QIN Chuan-yu
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is one of the commonly found organic pollutants in groundwater. After entering and accumulating in aquifer, the pollutant is difficult to dissolve, move and desorb from media, resulting in incomplete repair, rebound effects and some other remedial problems. In this study, surfactant colloidal gas aphron (CGA) flushing technology was used to increase the solubility and the mobility of PCE in aquifer, by which the transport flux of the pollutant could be increased and the remedial effect could be enhanced. The main parameters and influencing factors on CGA stability showed that the stirring speed of 4000r/min could produce stable CGA. The stability increased slightly with the increase of surfactant concentration, and PCE had an adverse effect on it. Besides, the migration of CGA in aquifer showed that the migration front of foam burst continuously during the migration process, causing the separation of the gas and the liquid in the front migration part. The gas migrated in the upper part with the liquid in the lower part in the front area of foam, and the subsequent stable foam pushed them forward. The pressure on foam in aquifer was greater than that in soil, resulting in the foam bursted more severely and the rate of migration got slower. In addition, compared with liquid, the flushing of foam had better effects on enhancing the solubility and mobility of PCE. When the media sizes were 0.1~0.25mm, 0.25~0.5mm and 0.5~1mm, the corresponding removal rate of PCE was 83.7%, 90.8% and 98.2% respectively, and the larger the media sizes, the more obvious the removal effect.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4673-4680 [Abstract] ( 290 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1602KB] ( 1270 )
4681 Degradation of acetaminophen in aqueous by UV-LED/NaClO process
LI Bo-qiang, MA Xiao-yan, LI Qing-song, LIAO Wen-chao, CHEN Yan-jie, CHEN Guo-yuan, LI Guo-xin
The degradation of acetaminophen (AAP) in aqueous solution by NaClO, UV-LED and UV-LED/NaClO was investigated, the influences of several factors such as NaClO dosage, pH values and humic acid (HA) on AAP degradation by UV-LED/NaClO process were discussed. Contributions of hydroxyl radical (OH·), UV-LED irradiation, NaClO and free chlorine radical RCS(Cl, Cl2·-, ClO·) AAP degradation also studied. Variation of acute toxicity of reacted solution was evaluated. The results indicated that AAP was removed effectively during UV-LED/NaClO process. After reaction of 90min, UV-LED irradiation, NaClO and UV-LED/NaClO processes for AAP removal were found to be 4.42%, 93.61% and 100%, respectively. The AAP degradation well fitted with the pseudo-first-order kinetics model (R2=0.9967). The removal of AAP increased with the increasing of NaClO dosage, neutral condition was conducive to AAP degradation. AAP removal was inhibited in the presence of HA. HCO3- and NO3- could slightly promote the removal of AAP. When the dosage of NaClO was 1mg/L, the relative contribution rates of OH·, UV-LED, NaClO and RCS radicals in the degradation of AAP were 0.82%, 0.66%, 33.78% and 64.74%, respectively. The UV-LED/NaClO process can decrease the acute toxicity of the solution effectively.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4681-4688 [Abstract] ( 374 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 491KB] ( 1525 )
4689 Adsorption of ciprofloxacin by acidified red mud: characteristic, mechanism and process optimization
SHI Jing-zhuan, WEI Hong, ZHOU Xiao-de, SHI Ying-juan, ZHENG Jia-xin
In this paper, the adsorption conditions, characteristic and mechanism of ciprofloxacin on the acidified red mud were studied. A four-factor and three-level optimization model based on Box-Behnken design method was established to determine the optimum adsorption condition, and adsorption temperature, solution pH, ciprofloxacin initial concentration and acidified red mud dosage were as arguments and adsorption capacity as the response value. The kinetic model, isotherm model, thermodynamic property and mechanism of the adsorption process were discussed as well. The results showed that solution pH, ciprofloxacin initial concentration, acidified red mud dosage had significant effect on the adsorption process. The predicted maximum adsorption reached 7.30mg/g under the optimized conditions of 45℃, pH 3.04, ciprofloxacin initial concentration of 29.20mg/L, and acidified red mud dosage 3.40g/L. The adsorption was well fitted the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and Langmuir-Freundilich isotherm model, with the maximum adsorption capacity were 7.90 and 7.35mg/g, respectively. ΔG0, ΔS0 and ΔH0 were calculated by Van Tehoff equation as -82.13~94.37kJ/mol, 0.61J/(mol·K) and 100.25kJ/mol, respectively. Ciprofloxacin adsorption on acidified red mud was a spontaneous endothermic process. Infrared spectrum showed that the complexation between carboxylate group of ciprofloxacin and Al-O bond of acidified red mud, and the weak electrostatic or inner-sphere bonding between keto group in ciprofloxacin and Fe-O in acidified red mud were attributed to the adsorption. This study showed that acidified red mud is a potentially low-cost absorbent for the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4689-4696 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 912KB] ( 1429 )
4697 Photocatalytic degradation of o-dichlorobenzene by AgInS2/g-C3N4 composites
WANG Xin, XIONG Wei, WANG Jin, KANG Min-hui, LI Xin-yong, SHI Yong
AgInS2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts had been synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method using g-C3N4 nanosheets as the template. The physical and chemical properties of the photocatalysts had been characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, PL and SPV. The results indicated that AgInS2 had been successfully loaded onto the surface of g-C3N4. The construction of the composites could broaden the light absorption range, improve the migration efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and reduce their recombination rate. The photocatalytic performance of the AgInS2/g-C3N4 composites had been evaluated by using o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) as a simulated pollutant. The photodegradation efficiency of o-DCB by AgInS2/g-C3N4 composites reached 62.7% under the irradiation of visible light for 8h, which was 2.13 and 1.76 times than those of g-C3N4 nanosheets and AgInS2, respectively. The FTIR and ESR techniques had been used to understanding the reaction mechanism. It was found that superoxide radical activity was generated during the degradation process and the final products were carbon dioxide, water, et al.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4697-4703 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 714KB] ( 894 )
4704 Preparation and photocatalytic property of carbon nanotubes/BiOBr composite
ZHAO Hong-fei, CHEN Lin, HE Feng-ting, QIN Chu-shuo, WANG Shuai-jun, ZHAO Chao-cheng, DONG Pei, WANG Yi-xuan, QIAO Shuai, GAO Hai-tao
Trace amount multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified BiOBr were successfully fabricated via a one-step solvothermal method for efficient and stable degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The MWCNT/BiOBr photocatalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic with low PL intensity, high photocurrent, and small EIS arc at the optimal loading amount of MWCNT 0.01mg (0.001wt%), The significant enhancement of as-prepared MWCNT/BiOBr may be assigned to the high capture electron capability of MWCNT, which not only enhance the absorption of lights but also accelerate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Based on the trapping experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR), the possible mechanism of enhancing the photocatalytic activity for the composites was also proposed, in which the ·O2- was deemed to the primary active oxidants.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4704-4711 [Abstract] ( 330 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 989KB] ( 1845 )
4712 Characteristics of sulfadiazine migration in iron oxide coated sand and a comparison with simulation results
ZHANG Hui, LIN Qing, XU Shao-hui
In order to investigate the migration characteristics of sulfonamide antibiotics in soil, sulfadiazine (SDZ) was used as a model component, and quartz sand (QS) was used as a medium to obtain iron oxide coated sand (IOCS). The effects of iron content and ionic strength on the migration of SDZ in IOCS were studied through column experiments, and the obtained results were simulated by Hydrus-1D software. The results of column experiments showed that the migration of SDZ was inhabited with an increase in the iron content on the surface of IOCS. The more the iron content, the higher the roughness, and the more the positive charge is carried through, which is beneficial to the adsorption of SDZ. An increase in the ionic strength promoted the migration of SDZ in QS and IOCS, which is mainly controlled by electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and competitive adsorption. The migration process of SDZ under different iron contents and ionic strength can be better simulated by non-equilibrium one-site sorption model (OSM) in Hydrus-1D. The fitted curve is in agreement with the measured curve, where R2>0.97 and RMSE<0.032. The adsorption distribution coefficient, kF increased with an increase in iron content and decreased with an increase in ionic strength. The retardation factor, Rd showed the same trend as kF. The adsorption characteristic parameter β>1, and the first-order kinetic rate constant α were observed to be small.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4712-4721 [Abstract] ( 287 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 808KB] ( 1401 )
4722 Efficient decomposition of monochloroaceticaid in the high intensity UV/sulfite system
GU Yu-rong, DONG Wen-yi, DONG Zi-jun, TANG Jian-jun
Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), a typical aqueous HAAs, was selected as the target pollutant to solve the problem of HAAs pollution in drinking water. MCAA decomposition efficiency and its influencing factors in the high intensity UV/sulfite system were systematically investigated. The results showed efficient MCAA decomposition in the high intensity UV/sulfite system was obtained. MCAA was completely decomposed at its initial concentration of 50μmol/L in 50s. Compared with reportedly literatures related to reductive MCAA decomposition, MCAA decomposition rate in this study was increased above 1000 folds. Increase of sulfite dosage, initial solution pH and UV intensity was found beneficial for increasing MCAA decomposition efficiency in the studied system. Results on co-exsisting constitutents revealed that NH4+ can promote MCAA decomposition, whereas NO3-, HCO3- and NOM all inhibited MCAA decomposition. Amongst them, HCO3- showed less inhibition effect.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4722-4729 [Abstract] ( 301 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 584KB] ( 1355 )
4730 Effect of nano calcium peroxide on the fenton-like degradation of nitrobenzene in groundwater
DONG Jia-Lin, FU Shuang, ZHOU Hao, LI Tian-Yi, QIN Chuan-Yu
To investigate the feasibility of using the modified fenton (MF) with nanometer calcium peroxide (nano-CaO2) for the remediation of contaminated groundwater, this study firstly improved the method for preparation of the nano-CaO2, and achieved the effective content of 88.35%. Then, through the evaluation of changes in pH, DO and nitrobenzene concentrations in a static test, the nano-CaO2 based nitrobenzene degradation process and the influencing factors were investigated, and the kinetics and the best reaction conditions of the nitrobenzene degradation were also clarified. In addition, the validity of different free radicals was studied by the masking experiments. Finally, by performing the dynamic simulation in a one-dimensional simulation column, the mechanism and efficacy of the nano-CaO2 based nitrobenzene removal were also accessed. The results showed that the degradation efficacy was best, when the concentration ratio of CaO2, EDTA-Fe2+ and the nitrobenzene was 48:8:1, and the degradation curve fitted to the first-order kinetic curve. It was also demonstrated that the main degradation radical in the reaction process was ·OH, and the degradation efficiency was affected by HCO3-, SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ plasma. According to the simulation test in the one-dimensional simulation column, it was revealed that with existing proper amount of iron, nano-CaO2 could be a sustained release agent of hydrogen peroxide, and correspondingly, free radical induced degradation would be enabled through Fenton-like catalytic reaction, which indicated nano-CaO2 would have a good application prospect in site remediation.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4730-4736 [Abstract] ( 388 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 546KB] ( 1572 )
Soil Pollution Control
4737 Response of photosynthetic characteristics and fluorescence parameters of tomato to Cd in soil
LAI Qiu-yu, WEI Shu-he, DAI Hui-ping, JIA Gen-liang
In order to explore the potential of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) for remediation of Cd contaminated soil, the response characteristics of tomato growth, photosynthetic fluorescence and Cd uptake were studied under the conditions of 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48mg/kg Cd added in soil by pot experiment. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, fluorescence parameters and biomass of tomato were significantly lower (P<0.05) than the control when Cd concentration was more than 8mg/kg added in soil, indicating a strong Cd sensitivity. At the same time, in all Cd treatments, the enrichment factor (2.48~6.60) and translocation factor (1.21~3.90) of tomato leaves were greater than 1, showing strong enrichment ability, but the soil Cd removal rate was low. Therefore, the tested tomato variety was sensitive to Cd and had little potential for remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4737-4742 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 1445 )
4743 Criterion selection in assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in farmland on county scale
Lü Yue-feng, XIE Li, SUN Hua, GU Wei
To improve the scientific validity and accuracy of regional risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution, a county with high grain yield along Taihu Lake was chosen as a research site to assess the risks of pollution associated with five heavy metals:As, Hg, Cr, Cd, and Pb. Pollution risks were assessed according to two sets of criteria as stipulated by a national regulation (GB15618-2018) and Regional Soil Environment Load Capacity, respectively. Results show that while the two sets of criteria produce converging assessments for the region as a whole, there were considerable differences across different types of heavy metals. In contrast to the "One Size Fits All" model that relied exclusively on concentration criteria, the Soil Environment Load Capacity's approach, which relied on "dual interface" criteria to control the total stock of pollution, could more accurately capture changes in the accumulation of external-source pollution within certain ranges of temporal and spatial dimensions. To improve the accuracy of regional farmland soil heavy metal pollution assessment, it is recommended that Soil Environment Load Capacity assessment be introduced as a valuable complement to assessment based on general national criteria. This would provide a source of reference for determining soil pollution responsible parties and for drawing risk control zones at the county and township levels.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4743-4751 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3032KB] ( 999 )
Environmental Ecology
4752 Occurrence and risks of typical corticosteroids in drinking water sources of the rivers from the Pearl River Delta
LIN Can-yuan, GONG Jian, XIONG Xiao-ping, ZHOU Yong-shun, WU Cui-qin
The occurrence and eco-risks of typical corticosteroids (CSs) including 21 glucocorticoids and 3 mineralocorticoids were studied in the drinking water sources of the rivers from the Pearl River Delta. The solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed. The 24 target compounds were all detected in the source water samples. Their detection frequencies ranged from 8% (cortisone) to 75% (deflazacort), and the total concentrations (∑CSs) were in a range (mean/median) of 0.29~8.7ng/L (2.6ng/L/1.6ng/L). Budesonide, clobetasol propionate and aldosterone were the major pollutants. The concentrations of CSs in the source water from the Dongjiang River and lower reach of the Liuxi River were generally higher than those of the Xijiang River and Beijiang River. Besides the CS compositions and concentrations varied seasonally from river to river. Redundancy analysis showed that most of CSs in the source water were negatively correlated with water temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, suggesting that the occurrence and distribution of CSs in the source water can be influenced by these environmental factors. Moreover, the hazard index (HI) of CSs in the water sources of the Pearl River Delta ranged from <0.1to 0.65 (mean/median:0.25/0.29), indicating that low and medium risks were present in these waters.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4752-4761 [Abstract] ( 277 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 673KB] ( 1214 )
4762 Groundwater health risk assessment based on spatial analysis in the Qiaomaidi watershed
ZHANG Yong, GUO Chun-qing, SUN Ping-an, ZHU Yan-guang, YU Shi
Concentration of five metals, Cr, Pb, Co, Mn, Hg and one inorganic toxicological index, fluoride from twenty-four samples collected from groundwater in the Qiaomaidi watershed were measured and analyzed. Based on the semi-variance model and other geostatistical methods, the distribution characteristics of the groundwater health risk assessment were analyzed. The health risks of adults and children through drinking pathway were 9.27×10-10~4.59×10-5a-1 and 1.10×10-8~5.46×10-4a-1, respectively. The groundwater health risks were dominant by Cr, and were consistent for adults and children. The distribution of the health risks was spatial regularity, and presented as a strip from south to north. Influenced by the Yaoshan town located in the middle of the watershed, the health risks increased remarkably in the south which was the downstream.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4762-4768 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 770KB] ( 1125 )
4769 Adsorption characteristics of copper ions on polystyrene microplastics
FU Dong-dong, ZHANG Qiong-jie, FAN Zheng-quan, QI Huai-yuan, WANG Ze-zheng, PENG Li-cheng
This study systematically investigated the adsorption capacity of polystyrene (PS) plastic micro-spheres (0.5 and 6μm diameter) toward copper ions under the action of factors such as adsorption time, copper ion concentration, PS concentration, particle size and coexisting ions. Copper showed higher adsorbance on 0.5μm PS compared with 6.0μm PS, and the saturated adsorption capacity reached (0.1638±0.0204) and (0.1091±0.0133) mg/mg, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was reached by 720min, both Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Elovich model most suitably described the adsorption kinetics of copper, with R2 of 0.929、0.904 and 0.866、0.885, respectively. The adsorption isotherms can be well fitted by Freundlich model and Langmuir model, with R2 of 0.974、0.976 and 0.966、0.977, respectively. Our study also found that the copper adsorbance on PS increased with copper concentration but accompanying with a decrease of adsorption rate, while it decreased with PS concentration but adsorption rate increased. The coexisting ions promoted the copper adsorbance on PS. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for further research regarding heavy metals adsorbance on microplastics, their environmental behavior in marine environment, and influences on pollutants transport as well.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4769-4775 [Abstract] ( 315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 707KB] ( 1856 )
4776 Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of mercury in Tibetan Plateau-Examples from typical marine glacial small watersheds
WU Fei, ZHANG Fu-dong, WANG Xun, LI Qiu-hua, JIANG Fan
In this study, Hg and its speciation in snow, ice and streamflow in three typical tibetan marine glaciers were investigated to understand the controlling factors during Hg transport processes. Results show that THg (total Hg) concentrations of snow and ice samples in Gongga Glacier were slightly higher than the values of global background, while values in Mingyong Glacier and Midui Glacier were at the global background levels. The average THg concentrations of all snow, ice and water samples of three glaciers were (4.78±5.99) ng/L, (1.72±1.15) ng/L, (1.31±0.91) ng/L, respectively. The variation of THg concentration was in snow > in ice > in water. Such trend was mainly controlled by the processes of sedimentation of particulate Hg and the volatilization of gaseous elemental Hg. The THg concentration in the streamflow of Gongga was the highest in June (7.48±2.22) ng/L and the lowest in November (1.39 ±0.27) ng/L. The HgP was significantly correlated to the THg, and HgP/THg was the highest in snow, followed by ice, and the lowest in streamflow. The variation of HgP/THg and monthly average THg output in the streamflow of Gongga Mountain were controlled by streamflow and rainfall intensities. Principal component analysis further indicates that the THg concentration in snow and ice was mainly affected by atmospheric particulate deposition and monsoon transport. Compared with the other two glaciers, Gongga Glacier was more susceptible to influence by human activities because of much closer to the intensive populated areas.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4776-4784 [Abstract] ( 306 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 1440 )
4785 Abundance and speciation of sediment iron in the estuarine land-based shrimp ponds
ZHU Ai-ju, TONG Chuan, LUO Min, HUANG Jia-fang, TAN Ji, HU Qi-kai, LI Jing
To research the mechanisms of Fe transport and cycling in wetland-based aquaculture ponds. In this study, the abundance and speciation of reactive Fe in sediments of four wetland-based shrimp ponds in three estuaries of Fujian Province, southeast China, were investigated during the intensive culture period. Significant differences of crystalline Fe(III), non-sulfidic Fe(II), organic Fe-complex, and Fe sulfides were observed among the four shrimp ponds. Porewater Cl- and SO42- were key factors affecting the abundance and speciation of Fe among different shrimp ponds. Along with increasing salinity, the contents of Fe sulfides increased, whereas those of organic Fe-complexes and crystalline Fe(III) decreased. The contents of reactive Fe were in the following order:solid-phase Fe (III) > Fe sulfides > non-sulfidic Fe (II) > organic Fe complexes. The contents of FeS and FeS2 were higher in the subsurface sediments of the shrimp ponds than those in the surface sediments.However,the contents of organic Fe complexes and concentrations of porewater SO42- and NH4+ were higher in the surface sediments than those in the subsurface sediments. The precipitation of Fe sulfides could partially reduce the potential risk of nutrient contamination in sediments of wetland-based shrimp ponds.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4785-4795 [Abstract] ( 312 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 815KB] ( 1102 )
4796 Proliferation of different forms of phosphorus in the competition of Peridinium umbonatum var.inaequale and Microcystis aeruginosa
XIAO Yu-mei, CHEN Yang-feng, SU Yu-ping, ZHANG Li-xiang, SHE Chen-xing, LIAO Fu-ping
To investigate the competitive utilization of different phosphorus species by different algal species and their influences on phytoplankton community structure, mono-culture experiments were performed firstly with Peridinium umbonatum var.inaequale and Microcystis aeruginosa in the PM4A plate at different phosphorus resources. Secondly, one species were added to natural seawater samples, separately, and performed mixed-culture experiments under 5'-AMP and K2HPO4 conditions. It was found that both species can make use of amino acids and nucleotides efficiently, and P. umbonatum var. inaequale and M. aeruginosa can, respectively, utilize 35 and 25 kinds of dissolved organic phosphates (DOP). These results suggest that dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria can take up DOP resources selectively. When P. umbonatum var.inaequale was used to regulate phytoplankton community composition, and chlorophyta:dinoflagellate:diatom:cyanobacteria were set to 38%:26%:20%:7%, dinoflagellate possessed competitive advantages regardless of the phosphorus resources and their percentages were 37.11%~50.19%. Once M. aeruginosa was added to natural seawater samples, and chlorophyta:dinoflagellate:diatom:cyanobacteria were set to 38%:29%:20%:4%, cyanobacteria had competitive advantages and their percentages were 52.25%~53.44%. Our data indicate that at the same temperature and light intensity, both phosphorus species and the proportion of initial phytoplankton biomass play important roles on regulating succession of the phytoplankton community.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4796-4803 [Abstract] ( 338 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 565KB] ( 1210 )
4804 Analyzing vegetation coverage changes and its reasons on the Loess Plateau based on Google Earth Engine
GUO Yong-qiang, WANG Nai-jiang, CHU Xiao-sheng, LI Cheng, LUO Xiao-qi, FENG Hao
Based on Google Earth Engine, this study conducted a quantitative analysis for the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage from 1987 to 2015 on the Loess Plateau using Landsat Surface Reflectance data, and the method of slope change ratio of cumulative quantity was used to evaluate the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to it. The results revealed that:the annual vegetation coverage significantly increased from 41.78% in 1987 to 53.23% in 2015 (P<0.05), especially after the implementation of the Grain for Green Program (2000~2015) with a significant increase of 0.59%/a (P<0.05). However, no significant change was observed for the vegetation coverage during 1987~1999 (P>0.05). At a pixel scale, about 72.93% of the research area showed an increasing vegetation coverage and 38.31% of the research area had a significant increase in vegetation coverage (P<0.05). Vegetation coverage changes was affected by both climate and human factors. Taking 1987~1999 as reference period, the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to vegetation coverage changes were 23.77% and 76.23% during 2000~2015, respectively. Therefore, human activities were the dominant factors for vegetation coverage changes on the Loess Plateau. The Grain for Green Program has greatly improved the vegetation status on the Loess Plateau, but the expansion of city has caused significant degradation of vegetation coverage in some areas.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4804-4811 [Abstract] ( 546 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1233KB] ( 3422 )
Environmental Microbiology
4812 Microbial metabolomics analysis of subsurface wastewater infiltration system
YANG Lei, LI Ying-hua, LI Hai-bo, SU Fei
Based on metabolomics method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to screen potential biomarkers of subsurface infiltration systems under different organic loads. The samples were typed by partial least squares (PLS-DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) pattern recognition methods, and potential biomarkers were screened according to the model's variable importance factor (VIP). Furthermore, biological information involved in metabolites and metabolic pathways were revealed. Finally, correlation between metabolites and environmental factors was explored by RDA analysis. The results of PLS-DA model showed that when the influent organic load gradually increased from 250mg/L to 400mg/L and 500mg/L, there was a significant difference between the metabolites in the same soil profile. A total of 230differential metabolites with a VIP value greater than 1.5 were screened out, which were mainly composed of organic acids, such as lactic acid, tartronic acid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid. The microbial metabolites had a significant correspondence with the soil profile. Under the condition of hydraulic load 0.14m3/(m2·d) and COD 400mg/L, 53metabolites with a VIP value greater than 1.5 were screened out from H2 (500mm), H4 (1000mm) and H6 (1500mm), respectively, which was mainly composed of acid and ketone substances, such as 6-Hydroxyondansetron sulfate, 19-Norandrosterone glucuronide and Methylcarbamyl PAF C-8. The results of RDA suggested that with the variation of pollution load and substrate profile, metabolites were negatively influenced by oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and nitrate (NO3-).
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4812-4822 [Abstract] ( 296 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 683KB] ( 2133 )
4823 Study on microbial surface hydrophobicity under multiphase interface of water distribution network
ZHANG Ming-lu, XU Shao-feng, XU Meng-yao, WANG Li, CHAI Shan-shan, BAI Miao, ZHANG Can
The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) biofilm reactor was used to simulate the water distribution system, and two kinds of hanging materials of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC) were selected. The cell hydrophobicity of different bacterial populations in the water phase, biofilm phase and particulate phase of the two hanging materials was studied by a combination of microbial adhesion hydrocarbon (MATH) experiment and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the reactor of PVC hanging coupon was Firmicutes and the relative abundance was 68.31%~81.00%. While the dominant bacteria in the reactor of PC hanging coupon was Proteobacteria and the relative abundance was 24.39%~64.40%. The predominant bacteria in the reactor of PVC hanging coupon contained three types of pathogenic bacteria, and the PC hanging coupon contained eight pathogens. The hydrophobicity of biofilm phase on the PC hanging coupon was higher than that on PVC, which facilitated the attachment of bacteria and biofilm formation. The ability of PVC material to form biofilm was lower. Hence, it had positive impact on the secondary pollution control during the water transportation. However, other engineering factors should also be considered in the practical applications.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4823-4830 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 596KB] ( 1853 )
4831 Characteristics of bacterial community structure during the enrichment and domestication of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria based on the typical city landscape water
ZHOU Shi-lei, ZHANG Yi-ran, SUN Yue, YANG Wen-li, HUANG Ting-lin, LI Zai-xing, LUO Xiao, CUI Jian-sheng, ZHOU Zi-zhen, LI Yang
To explore the effects of different selective pressures on bacterial community structure during enrichment and domestication of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria, bioinformatics analysis of samples taken from enrichment and domestication systems were carried out, using Miseq high-throughput sequencing. In detail, α-and β-diversity were examined, and network analysis was conducted. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the main phyla identified. Meanwhile, the N-functional bacteria had an increased process. PCA (principal component analysis), NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis) and PCoA (principal co-ordinates analysis) showed that microbial community structure was significantly altered with change in temperature, while the influence of different media was small. Network analysis indicated that module hubs and network hubs of bacterial communities were both rare taxa. VIF (variance inflation factor) and RDA (redundancy analysis) showed temperature, ammonia and nitrate were the most important factors affecting bacterial community function and composition. All results together indicate that Miseq high-throughput sequencing was an effective tool to explore changes in bacterial community structure during enrichment and domestication of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria, which could in the future supply a reference to isolate "directional-accurate-efficient" microbial agents.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4831-4839 [Abstract] ( 365 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1539KB] ( 2377 )
4840 Soil bacteria community structure and function prediction in the Hulun Buir Sandy Area
DU Yu-jia, GAO Guang-lei, CHEN Li-hua, DING Guo-dong, ZHANG Ying, CAO Hong-yu
Soil samples were collected from four habitats in the Hulun Buir sandy area including bare sandland, grassland, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation and P. sylvestris natural forest. Subsequently, 16S rRNA genes high-throughput sequencing and PICRUSt-based functional prediction were performed to detect soil bacterial community structure and potential functional component. The results indicated that in the Hulun Buir sandy area, the natural forest and plantation had the highest and lowest soil bacterial Shannon Index (8.623±0.193 and 7.432±0.028), respectively. There were significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of soil bacteria in different habitats. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the grassland (29.83%±1.14%), P. sylvestris plantation (34.73%±1.99%) and natural forest (31.95%±0.21%). The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was the highest in the bare sand (26.13%±0.43%). The dominant soil bacteria genera with highest relative abundance were Bradyrhizobium, RB41 with the mean values of 5.29%±2.24% and 4.22%±1.23%, respectively. Soil bacterial functions were classified into 6 and 40 functional categories at hierarchy level 1and 2,which implied the abundant soil bacteria functions. Soil bacteria was active in environmental information processing, metabolism, genetic information processing and organic systems. Further, the functional genes of soil bacterial from the natural forest was abundant in nucleotide metabolism, enzyme family, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, which ensured soil bacteria survival with higher diversity. Conclusively, the functional genes fluctuation of soil bacteria associated with different habitats in the Hulun Buir sandy area reflected the changes of soil bacterial community structure and diversity, and indicated the effects of functional genes on soil bacterial community. Our study will provide a firm basis for better prediction and understanding of soil bacteirial metabolic potential and functions in sandy area.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4840-4848 [Abstract] ( 369 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 823KB] ( 1896 )
Environmental Toxicology
4849 Effects of graphene oxide on the growth and bioactive compounds in freshwater microalgae
PENG Xiao-ling, MENG Fan-ping, ZHANG Qian, DU Shu-hao, DUAN Wei-yan
To understand the risk of graphene oxide (GO) to aquatic environments, the effects of GO on the growth and three bioactive compounds including carbohydrate, total protein and total lipid, in two species of freshwater microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus and Nannochloropsis limnetica, were investigated in this study. Results showed a moderate toxicity of GO to both species with the 72h EC50 values of 25.63mg/L and 48.44mg/L, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images displayed that GO nanosheets not only adhered to the cell surfaces but also entered the cells, which induced obvious changes in ultrastructure, including plasmolysis, shrinkage of chloroplasts, and the decrease or even disappearance of starch grains. Synthesis of three photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid) in microalgae was promoted at lower concentration (10mg/L) of GO after 72h exposure. However, contents of carotenoid in the cultures of both species and chlorophyll a in the culture of S. obliquus decreased significantly when exposed to the higher concentration (100mg/L) of GO. Basically, the synthesis of three bioactive substances in algal cells was stimulated under both experimental concentrations of GO, implying an active defense mechanism under stress. The decrease of carbohydrate content in cells of S. obliquus exposed to 100mg/L GO was hypothesized as results of the conversion of energy storage materials, i.e. from starch to neutral lipids.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4849-4857 [Abstract] ( 409 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1002KB] ( 1792 )
4858 Influence of the stress of Na2S on component changes and sorption behavior on Cu (Ⅱ) and Zn (Ⅱ) of Bacillus vallismortis sp. EPS
LI Qiu-hua, SONG Wei-feng, SUN Meng-ge, LI Jia-yao, YU Ze-feng

In order to study the mechanism of enhanced adsorption of heavy metals by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), adsorption of typical heavy metals by the EPS from Bacillus vallismortis sp. induced by Na2S was investigated. The results showed that the maximum EPS production of 105.58mg/g VSS coupling with doubled increase in protein in which the contant of -SH increased by 48.2% from 104.15 to 154.36μmol/L were recorded in the presence of 20mg/L Na2S, As a coinstantaneous process, the maximum adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) and Zn (Ⅱ) by the S-EPS was observed in the presence of 20mg/L Na2S. The kinetics of the adsorption process of Cu (Ⅱ) and Zn (Ⅱ) by the S-EPS can be well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model mode and the theoretical maximum adsorption amount of 1428.57 and 979.09mg/g EPS could be obtained, respectively. The results of 3D-EEM and FTIR analyses indicated that the -SH, protein amide I and amide Ⅱ played a major role in the adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) and Zn (Ⅱ) by the S-EPS, especially for the adsorption of Zn (Ⅱ). The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the addition of sulfur source could increase the content of sulfhydryl protein, and effectively regulate the content of chemical composition, expecially for the sulfhydryl of EPS, and thereby greatly improving the removal efficiency of heavy metals, which showed a great application prospect in the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4858-4864 [Abstract] ( 274 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 631KB] ( 794 )
4865 Health risks of cumulative oral exposure to heavy metals for children living around a coking enterprise
CHEN Yue-fang, XU Jin-rong, DUAN Xiao-li, CAO Su-zhen, SUN Shan-wei, KANG Yi-jin
At present, the researches on coking enterprise are mostly focused on technological process, emission characteristics of pollutants, organic pollution in surrounding environment and so on. However, few studies concerned on the exposure and health risks to heavy metals for the population living in the vicinity of coking enterprise. Thus, this study selected a typical coking plant in north China as a model and recruited the local children as subjects. On the basis of environmental related exposure behavior patterns questionnaire survey and field investigation on sample collection and analysis, it explored the pollution status of five heavy metals (Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni and As) in environmental media including drinking water, soil and food, as well as the exposure dose and health risk to the metals via the environmental media through oral exposure. The results showed that the surrounding environment was not heavily polluted by heavy metals. However, the children's cumulative non-carcinogenic risks from various exposure pathways were in the range of 0.74 to 6.30, which was up to 6 times higher than the acceptable level (1), and was attributable to As exposure from food ingestion. The carcinogenic risks was 1.76×10-4~7.75×10-3, which was several to dozens of times higher than the acceptable level (1.0×10-4), and mainly from Cr exposure due to food ingestion. This study indicated that food ingestion was the main pathway for total oral exposure dose, accounting for more than 90% to the total oral exposure dose. It highlighted that although the surrounding environment of coking plant was not heavily contaminated by heavy metals, it would cause severe potential health risks to local children, which need to be paid more attention.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4865-4874 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 831KB] ( 1451 )
Biodiversity
4875 Quantitative analysis of the diversity and habitat suitability of the Huntai River fish community
WU dan, LU Ao-ran, TIAN Shuang, YIN Xu-wang, ZHANG Yuan, XU Zong-xue
In the Huntai River, Liaoning Province, the optimum and threshold values were calculated for several environmental factors for habitats of different fish community structure characteristics. Three kinds of community organization characteristics were considered:the level of community species diversity, the Shannon diversity index, and functional groups. The results showed that velocity, BOD5, NH4+-N, conductivity, and IOS were the environmental factors that significantly influenced the spatial distribution of fish community structure in the Huntai River basin. The optimum value and positive response threshold of NH4+-N and conductivity were higher in pollution resistant species, such as Carassius auratus and Abbottina rivularis. Phoxinus lagowskii and Lampetra morii were adapted to a higher velocity and IOS, with 0.59 m/s being the optimal velocity for L. morii. For the level of fish community diversity, the optimum value and threshold for the environmental factors of the habitat first increased and then decreased, in accordance with an increase in the Shannon diversity index. For example, the maximum conductivity range of (2~3) was 378.07μS/cm. In the middle and lower reaches of the Huntai River, fish in the omnivorous functional group had higher optimum values and positive response thresholds for BOD5, NH4+-N, and conductivity. The optimum values were 1.20 mg/L, 0.63 mg/L, and 383.37 μS/cm, respectively. This quantitative analysis of the community and environmental factors will assist in protecting resources for important fish species and conserving fish biodiversity. This research is necessary to inform management decisions regarding the restoration of key habitats, provide basic data, and provide a scientific basis for environmental protection.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4875-4885 [Abstract] ( 304 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 868KB] ( 2234 )
Yangtze River Economic Belt
4886 The evolution pattern of green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
PENG Jia-chao, XU Rong-rong, FU Li-na, YI Ming, XU Yao-dong
Under the consideration of unexpected output, the innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was measured through the use of Two Stage Network DEA method (Super-efficiency undesirable outputs)-for the period of 2008 to 2016. The LMDI method was also used to decompose the influencing factors, and estimate the actual contribution shares of individual factors and regional differences. The result showed that the average value of green innovation efficiency of the overall industrial enterprises in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 0.2710, which means that the DEA was not effective during the sampling period. The figure showed a decreasing trend from the downstream area to the upstream area. The average green innovation efficiency gap between the downstream area enterprises and middle and upstream area enterprises was broadened gradually, denoting an obvious unbalanced development among them. Generally speaking, the innovation effect had the greatest impact on the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises, followed by the industrial enterprise assimilation of technology effect, the purchase of domestic technology effect, the introduction of technological effect, technological transformation effect and industrial pollution control effect. Meanwhile, the new product development funding effect played a predominant role at the first and second stages. The expenditure on assimilation of technology and the expenditure on domestic technology purchasing had positively promoted the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises. The increase of expenditure on both assimilation of technology and purchase of domestic technology had the same effect at the two stages, but the effect at the second stage was significantly reduced. The contribution of various factors to the green innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises showd a weakening trend from the east to the west, but the effect in the central region was not high. From the time series, the average amount of the effect in the Yangtze River economic belt showed a increasing trend, with an exception during the period of "The Twelfth Five-Year Plan". In addition, the effects of various factors in the upstream and midstream areas promoted the efficiency of green innovation in industrial enterprises.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4886-4900 [Abstract] ( 382 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1035KB] ( 2120 )
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
4901 Regional differences of municipal solid waste generation in China based on the STIRPAT model
XU Bo, ZHAO Yue, JU Mei-ting, CHU Chu-li, ZHANG Zhe-yu
Based on China's provincial-level panel data from 2006 to 2017, influences of population, affluence, and technology on the regional differences of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation from the national and regional level, respectively were studied, by adopting a fixed effect model derived from the STIRPAT theoretical model. The results showed in recent years, the generation of MSW increased rapidly and the changes varied significantly across regions. From the perspective of population, the impact of urbanization level, population size, family size, and population aging on MSW generation decreased in turn at the national level, with elasticity coefficients of 1.152, 0.585, -0.478, and -0.230, respectively. In the eastern region, the generation of MSW was further promoted by the improvement of urbanization level, the increase of population size, and the miniaturization of family size, while the increase of population aging reduced the generation of MSW. However, in the central and western regions, the positive effect of urbanization level and the negative effect of population aging were significantly stronger than in the eastern region, whereas the positive effect of population size and family size were significantly weaker than in the eastern region. From the perspective of affluence, an inverted N-type relationship was observed between the per capita consumption expenditure of residents and the generation of MSW at the national level. The generation of MSW increased remarkably along with the improvement of per capita consumption expenditure and per capita GDP in the eastern region. From the perspective of technology, the elasticity coefficients of domestic energy consumption intensity and municipal appearance environmental sanitation expense were 0.120 and -0.0168 respectively, of which the regional difference was not significant.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4901-4909 [Abstract] ( 441 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 800KB] ( 1504 )
4910 Study on production efficiency evaluation and influencing factors of China's thermal power enterprises
ZHANG Ji-gang, YANG Hong-juan
Based on provincial statistical data from 2008 to 2017, the production efficiency evaluation and influencing factors of China's thermal power enterprises were studied. Firstly, the DEA model modified by Bootstrap method was employed to study the static efficiency of thermal power enterprises; Secondly, the dynamic efficiency of thermal power enterprises by integrating the transitivity of the global reference Malmquist index was studied; Finally, Tobit model was used to study the factors affecting the production efficiency of thermal power enterprises, and the fixed effect model was used to verify the reliability of test results in consideration of robustness. The empirical results of efficiency evaluation show that neither was a single province's (autonomous region or municipality) production efficiency of thermal power enterprises at the production frontier from 2008 to 2017, nor did it continue to improve. The production efficiency of China's thermal power enterprises was relatively stable from 2008 to 2013, it presented a downward trend and the inter-provincial differences were gradually amplified from 2013 to 2016, and it rebounded in 2017. From 2008 to 2017, the efficiency and stability of thermal power enterprises in Eastern, Central, and Western China presented that the best in the east, followed by the central, and the worst in the west. The empirical results for influencing factors indicated that equipment performance, economic development speed and degree of market competition were three key factors determining the production efficiency of thermal power enterprise; government's emphasis on environmental pollution and the carbon emission trading market had limited impact on it.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4910-4920 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 670KB] ( 1125 )
4921 Can e-commerce improve the environmental effects of agricultural production? -Evidence from Qingpu, Shanghai
LIU Ping-yang, LI Dong-xuan
The rapid development of e-commerce in rural agriculture has contributed to the income increase of farmers, while the function mechanism and the subsequent environmental effects remain untested. Based on a case study of Qingpu, Shanghai and the questionnaire data of 264 new agriculture entities, IV-ordered Probit model and Sharpley value decomposition method were applied to analyze the economic and environmental effects of e-commerce plus agriculture model. The results show that introduction of e-commerce contributes significantly to the increase of farmers' income, but mainly depends on the output-based mechanism, which accelerates the negative environmental effects of agriculture production. Further analysis indicates that e-commerce is not the key factor of farmers' income increase, with a limited Sharpley value contribution rate of 12%, while the application of new technology and the increase of production scale, with corresponding contribution rate up to 31% and 25%, play the decisive role. it's concluded that the e-commerce plus agriculture remains in the early stage and specific regulation and guidance should be enhanced to accelerate its development from output driven to quality driven stage.
2019 Vol. 39 (11): 4921-4928 [Abstract] ( 296 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 943 )
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