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民用燃煤不同燃烧阶段细颗粒物排放特征
李朋, 吴华成, 周卫青, 张子健, 汪美顺, 李闯, 叶堃, 薛春瑜, 康玺, 周子龙
中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11) : 4652-4659.
PDF(840 KB)
PDF(840 KB)
民用燃煤不同燃烧阶段细颗粒物排放特征
Emission characteristics of fine particulate matter at different combustion phases of residential coal
研究了民用燃煤在不同燃烧阶段排放PM2.5的质量浓度分布特征.结果表明，散煤与正烧炉在旺火阶段排放颗粒物粒径主要集中在0.2μm以下（d50=0.15μm），加煤和封火阶段在0.2~0.5μm （d50=0.38mm），质量占比46.6%~68.97%.型煤与正烧炉在各阶段排放的颗粒物均以0.2μm以下颗粒物为主，质量占比44.64%~56.24%.扫描电镜（SEM）观察到燃煤排放PM2.5为大量超细颗粒物聚集形成的簇团状结构.用碳平衡法计算得到散煤加煤阶段的PM2.5排放因子为4.72g/kg，分别是旺火和封火阶段的12和11倍.将散煤更换为型煤，能够使得加煤阶段的PM2.5排放因子减少90.9%，从而显著降低PM2.5排放.
The mass distribution characteristics of PM2.5 particles during different combustion phases of residential coal were studied in this work. PM2.5 particles during the flaming phase of burning bituminous coal in an over-fire stove were mainly particulate matters (PM) with diameter below 0.2μm (d50=0.15μm) and peaked at 0.2~0.5μm (d50=0.38μm) during the fuel-adding and smoldering phases. Their mass ratio was between 46.6% and 68.97%. On the other hand, PM emitted from the whole process of burning briquettes in an under-fire stove were mainly below 0.2μm, and the mass ratio was 44.64%~56.24%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the PM2.5 particles emitted from coal-burning were cluster-like structure formed by the aggregation of a large number of ultrafine particles. Also, the emission factor (EF) of PM2.5 calculated by the carbon balance approach of the bituminous and over-fire stove in the fuel-adding phase was 4.72g/kg, which was 12 and 11 times of that in the flaming and smoldering phases respectively. The replacement of bituminous to briquette will result in the reduction of PM2.5 EFs by 90.9% during the fuel-adding phase, leading to a significant decrease in PM2.5 emission.
PM2.5质量粒径分布 / SEM / 民用燃煤 / 排放因子 / 燃烧阶段
combustion phases / emission factor / mass size distribution of PM2.5 / residential coal / SEM
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