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大辽河沉积物中微塑料的污染特征
The pollution characteristics of microplastics in Daliao River sediments
以大辽河为研究对象，选取8个典型区域的沉积物，采用密度浮选法，结合体视显微镜及μ-FTIR，进行大辽河沉积物中微塑料的组成及分布特征研究.结果表明，大辽河沉积物微塑料平均丰度为（66.67±79.93）个/kg；其中位于鞍山海城市的DL5丰度最高，为（193.33±172.43）个/kg，辽阳县柳壕镇的DL6丰度最低，为（20.00±34.64）个/kg；微塑料颜色以白色、黑色、黄色为主（83.75%），形状以纤维、薄膜、碎片为主（91.25%），粒径以（1000~2000）μm为主（33.75%）.通过红外光谱分析可得出，大辽河沉积物中薄膜类微塑料的主要成分是聚酰胺（PA）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚乙烯（PE），碎片类的主要成分是聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP），泡沫类和颗粒类的主要成分是聚苯乙烯（PS），纤维类的主要成分是人造丝（RY）及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）.总体上，该研究区域沉积物中微塑料的丰度处于中等偏低水平.本研究可为我国淡水河流沉积物中微塑料的污染分布研究提供基础科学数据.
Eight sediment samples were collected in Daliao River. The composition and distribution characteristics of microplastics in this study were studied by density flotation method combined with stereo microscope and μ-FTIR. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in sediments was (66.67±79.93) items/kg. DL5, located in AnShan Hai Cheng city, had the highest abundance of (193.33±172.43) items/kg; DL6, located in Liuhao, town of Liaoyang country had the lowest abundance of (20±34.64) items/kg. The main colors of microplastics were white, black and yellow (83.75%). The main shapes of microplastics were fiber, film and debris (91.25%). The main particle size of microplastics were 1000~2000μm (33.75%). It can be concluded that the main components of film microplastics were polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), the main component of the debris microplastics were polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP),the main components of foams and particles was polystyrene (PS), and the main components of fibers were Rayon(RY) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). On the whole, the abundance of microplastics in sediments of Daliao River is at a moderately low level. The results can provide basic and scientific data for the study on the pollution distribution of microplastics in sediments of freshwater rivers in China.
Daliao River / microplastic / pollution characteristics / sediment
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辽河流域水环境管理与水污染治理技术推广应用项目（2018ZX07601003）；北京市优秀人才青年骨干项目；北京市农林科学院创新能力建设（KJCX20180406）
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