采用基于船舶活动的排放因子法，测算了2018年进出厦门港的船舶排放清单，并在排放数据的基础上，借助外部成本评估工具，从环境和社会两类指标层面上评估了港口的生态效率.结果表明：2018年厦门港船舶排放SOx、NOx、HC、CO、PM2.5、PM2.0和CO2e（二氧化碳当量）的总量分别为3222，11977，490，1118，411，542和710374t；集装箱船为最大贡献船型，船舶主机排放比例最大；对于不同运行工况，巡航工况排放的污染气体最多，停泊工况（包括港内停泊和港外锚泊）排放的温室气体最多；8~12月份的船舶排放量较高.船舶排放的外部总成本约为19.95亿元（约为港口年收入的7.6%），其中NOx、PM10和SOx的外部成本较高.港口生态效率的评估反映了港口生产运营对环境和社会的影响.船舶使用低硫油和岸电能够减少船舶排放，同时能够提高港口的生态效率.
Abstract
The method of emission factor based on ship activity was employed to estimate the ship emission inventory for ships' visiting Xiamen Port in 2018. Based on the emission data, the external cost assessment tool was used to assess the port's eco-efficiency from the environmental and social aspects. The results showed that:the total emissions of SOx, NOx, HC, CO, PM2.5, PM10 and CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) emitted by ships in Xiamen Port in 2018 were about 3222, 11977, 490, 1118, 411, 542 and 710374t, respectively; The container ship was the largest contribution ship type; The main engine emitted the biggest percentage of gas emissions; For different operating modes, the cruising mode emitted the largest amount of pollutant gases and the hotelling mode (including hotelling-anchorage and hotelling-berth) was the largest emitter for greenhouse gas emission; For the monthly emission of ships, the emissions from August to December were larger. Moreover, the total external cost of ship emissions was about 1.995 billion yuan (about 7.6% of port annual revenue), of which the external costs of NOx, PM10 and SOx were relatively high. The assessment of eco-efficiency in Xiamen port reflected the impacts of port operation on the environment and society. The use of low sulfur oil and shore power by ships can reduce ship emissions and improve the eco-efficiency of the port.
关键词
船舶排放清单 /
港口生态效率 /
排放因子法 /
外部成本 /
厦门港
Key words
external cost /
port eco-efficiency /
ship emission inventory /
the method of emission factor /
Xiamen Port
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基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项（18VHQ005）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（71974023）
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