人为热对广州高温天气影响的数值模拟个例分析

于玲玲; 潘蔚娟; 肖志祥; 王子谦; 麦健华

PDF(1236 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9) : 3721-3730.

大气污染与控制

人为热对广州高温天气影响的数值模拟个例分析

于玲玲¹, 潘蔚娟², 肖志祥³, 王子谦^4,5, 麦健华⁶

作者信息 +

Case studies of impacts of anthropogenic heat emissions on heat wave events in Guangzhou

YU Ling-ling¹, PAN Wei-juan², XIAO Zhi-xiang³, WANG Zi-qian^4,5, MAI Jian-hua⁶

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

基于广州市2009，2000和1990年工业、交通、生活能源统计数据，通过能源清单法估算出广州市对应年份的人为热排放量，再通过在WRF模式中引入2009，2000和1990年的下垫面数据和人为热排放方案，对2005，2012和2017年广州市的3次持续高温过程进行模拟，从而评估不同年代人为热排放水平对广州市极端高温天气的影响.结果表明，模拟的2m气温较为准确，能合理模拟出城市地区的热岛效应，但对极端高温的模拟略有偏低，而引入人为热有助于改善模拟结果.在case2012中，2009，2000和1990年3种人为热排放水平使广州城市下垫面的平均气温分别上升0.53，0.44和0.13℃，热岛强度增强0.43，0.38和0.13℃.3个模拟个例的结果均表明，日间的人为热排放比夜间大，但夜间气温及热岛强度的变化比日间要明显.

Abstract

In this study, the impacts of anthropogenic heat (AH) emission on the heat wave events in Guangzhou was investigated. First, an AH emission database was built with the energy inventory method in the year of 2009, 2000, and 1990 based on energy consumption statistics of industry, transportation and domestic energy in the corresponding year. Then, three heat wave events occurred in 2005, 2012 and 2017 in Guangzhou were simulated using weather research and forecasting model (WRF), under different land-use and AH emission conditions (from 2009, 2000 and 1990 respectively). The impacts of AH on heat waves in different decades can thus be estimated. The results show that WRF can well replicate the 2m temperature and urban heat island effects in Guangzhou during the heat wave events. The maximum temperature was originally underestimated without the input of AH. With AH, the estimate of the maximum temperature was improved. Specifically, in the case of simulating 2012 heat wave event, 2m temperature in the urban area increased by 0.53℃, 0.44℃ and 0.13℃ respectively when we superimposed AH conditions in 2009, 2000 and 1990. The intensity of urban heat island effects also increased by 0.43℃, 0.38℃ and 0.13℃ respectively. Moreover, simulation results from all the three heat wave cases indicated that the variations of 2m temperature and unban heat island intensity in night time were more substantial, although the AH emissions were stronger in the day time.

导出引用

于玲玲, 潘蔚娟, 肖志祥, 王子谦, 麦健华. 人为热对广州高温天气影响的数值模拟个例分析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(9): 3721-3730

YU Ling-ling, PAN Wei-juan, XIAO Zhi-xiang, WANG Zi-qian, MAI Jian-hua. Case studies of impacts of anthropogenic heat emissions on heat wave events in Guangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(9): 3721-3730

中图分类号： X16

参考文献

[1] 李炟,束炯,谈建国,等.基于土地利用和人为热修正的城市夏季高温数值试验[J]. 热带气象学报, 2015,31(3):364-373. Li D, Shu J, Tan J G, et al. A numerical simulation experiment of an urban summer heat wave based on modified data of land-use and anthropogenic heat[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2015,31(3):364-373.
[2] 麦健华,罗乃兴,赖文锋,等.城市化对珠江三角洲热岛效应影响的模拟[J]. 热带地理, 2011,31(2):187-192. Mai J H, Luo N X, Lai W F, et al. A simulation about the impact of urbanization on the urban heat island in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Tropical Geography, 2011,31(2):187-192.
[3] 佟华,刘辉志,桑建国,等.城市人为热对北京热环境的影响[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2004,9(3):409-421. Tong H, Liu H Z, Sang J G, et al. The impact of urban anthropogenic heat on Beijing heat environment[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2004,9(3):409-421.
[4] 周晶,刘蕾,霍飞,等.不同下垫面数据和城市冠层参数化方案对江苏气温影响的个例分析[J]. 气象科学, 2018,38(3):342-350. Zhou J, Liu L, Huo F, et al. Impact of different underlying surface data and urban canopy schemes on simulation of the temperature in Jiangsu:A WRF case study[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2018, 38(3):342-350.
[5] 王咏薇,任侠,翟雪飞,等.南京复杂下垫面条件下的三维城市热环境模拟[J]. 大气科学学报, 2016,39(40):525-535. Wang Y W, Ren X, Zhai X F, et al. Numerical study of the three-dimensional thermal environment over a complex underlying surface in Nanjing[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2016, 39(4):525-535.
[6] Kusaka H, Kimura F. Thermal effects of urban canyon structure on the nocturnal heat island:Numerical experiment using a mesoscale model coupled with an urban canopy model[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2004,43(12):1899-1910.
[7] 杨婷,王喜全,张伟,等.人为热排放的引入对北京地区精细模拟的改进[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017,22(1):1-9. Yang T, Wang X Q, Zhang W, et al. The improvement in model simulations of the atmospheric condition in Beijing with consideration of anthropogenic heat[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017,22(1):1-9.
[8] 王志铭,王雪梅.广州人为热初步估算及敏感性分析[J]. 气象科学, 2011,31(4):422-430. Wang Z M, Wang X M. Estimation and sensitivity test of anthropogenic heat flux in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences, 2011,31(4):422-430.
[9] 麦健华,于玲玲,林文实,等.城市化对中山夏季高温影响数值模拟[J]. 气象科技, 2016,44(5):754-762. Mai J H, Yu L L, Lin W S, et al. Impact simulation of urbanization on a heat wave event over Zhongshan[J]. Meteorological Science And Technology, 2016,44(5):754-762.
[10] 霍飞,陈海山.人为热源对城市热岛效应影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 气象与减灾研究, 2010,33(3):49-55. Huo F, Chen H S. Numerical simulation of the effect of anthropogenic heat on UHI[J]. Meteorology And Disaster Reduction Research, 2010,33(3):49-55.
[11] 郑玉兰,苗世光,包云轩,等.建筑物制冷系统人为热排放与气象环境的相互作用[J]. 高原气象, 2017,36(2):562-574. Zheng Y L, Miao S G, Bao Y X, et al. Interaction of anthropogenic heat emission from building cooling system and meteorological environment[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2017,36(2):562-574.
[12] 何晓凤,蒋维楣,陈燕,等.人为热源对城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2007,50(1):74-82. He X F, Jiang W M, Chen Y, et al. Numerical simulation of the impacts of anthropogenic heat on the structure of the urban boundary layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007,50(1):74-82.
[13] Flanner M G. Integrating anthropogenic heat flux with global climate models[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2009,36:L02801.
[14] 谢旻,朱宽广,王体健,等.中国地区人为热分布特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(3):728-734. Xie M, Zhu K G, Wang T J, et al. Study on the distribution of anthropogenic heat flux over Chin[J]. China Environment Science, 2015,35(3):728-734.
[15] Smith C, Lindley S, Levermore G. Estimating spatial and temporal patterns of urban anthropogenic heat fluxes for UK cities:the case of Manchester[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2009,98(1/2):19-35.
[16] Sailor D J, Brooks A, Hart M, et al. A bottom-up approach for estimating latent and sensible heat emissions from anthropogenic sources[J]. Seventh Symposium on the Urban Environment, 2007.
[17] Lee S H, Song C K, Baik J J, et al. Estimation of anthropogenic heat emission in the Gyeong-In region of Korea[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2009,96(3/4):291-303.
[18] Ichinose T, Shimodozono K, Hanaki K. Impact of anthropogenic heat on urban climate in Tokyo[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(24/25):3897-3909.
[19] 王业宁,陈婷婷,孙然好.北京主城区人为热排放的时空特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(7):2178-2185. Wang Y N, Chen T T, Sun R H. Assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of anthropogenic heat in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(7):2178-2185.
[20] 陆然,王勤耕,翟一然,等.长江三角洲城市群人为热排放特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(2):295-301. Lu R, Wang Q G, Zhai Y R, et al. Anthropogenic heat emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region[J]. China Environment Science, 2014, 34(2):295-301.
[21] Kato S, Yamaguchi Y. Analysis of urban heat-island effect using ASTER and ETM+ data:Separation of anthropogenic heat discharge and natural heat radiation from sensible heat flux[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2005,99(1/2):44-54.
[22] 马盼盼,吾娟佳,杨续超,等.基于多源遥感信息的人为热排放量空间化-以浙江省为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(1):314-320. Ma P P, Wu J J, Yang X C, et al. Spatialization of anthropogenic heat using multi-sensor remote sensing data:A case study of Zhejiang Province, East China[J]. China Environment Science, 2016,36(1):314-320.
[23] 广州市统计局.广州统计年鉴[M]. http://210.72.4.58/portal/queryInfo/statisticsYearbook/index. Guangzhou Statistics Bureau. Guangzhou statistical yearbook[M]. http://210.72.4.58/portal/queryInfo/statisticsYearbook/index.
[24] Chen F, Kusaka H, Bornstein R, et al. The integrated WRF/urban modeling system:development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2011,31(2):273-288.
[25] 蒙伟光,张艳霞,李江南,等. WRF/UCM在广州高温天气及城市热岛模拟研究中的应用[J]. 热带气象学报, 2010,26(3):273-282. Meng W G, Zhang Y X, Li J N, et al. Application of WRF/UCM in the simulation of a heat wave event and urban heat island around Guangzhou city[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2010,26(3):273-282.
[26] 何建军,余晔,刘娜等.复杂地形区陆面资料对WRF模式模拟性能的影响[J]. 大气科学, 2014,38(3):484-498. He J J, Yu Y, Liu N, et al. Impact of land surface information on WRF's performance in complex terrain area[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 2014,38(3):484-498.
[27] Kuang W, Liu J Y, Zhang Z, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of impervious surface areas across China during the early21st century[J]. Chinese Science Buletinl, 2013,58(14):1691-1701.
[28] Hu Y H, Jia G S. Influence of land use change on urban heat island derived from multi-sensor data[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2010,30(9):1382-1395.
[29] Sailor D J, Lu L. A top-down methodology for developing diurnal and seasonal anthropogenic heating profiles for urban areas[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009,38(17):2737-2748.
[30] 曹峥,吴志峰,马文军,等.人为热排放对不同类型建成区温度影响的模拟研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018,37(4):515-524. Cao Z, Wu Z F, Ma W J, et al. Effect of anthropogenic heat release on temperature in different types of built-up land in Guangzhou, China[J]. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(4):515-524.
[31] Xiao Z X, Wang Z Q, Pan W J, et al. Sensitivity of extreme temperature events to urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Region[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2019,55(3):373-386.
[32] 黄蓓,倪广恒.基于WRF-LUCY模型的冬季集中供暖对局地气候的影响[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2020,60(2):162-170. Huang B, Ni G H. Local climate impact of central heating in the winter based on the WRF-LUCY model[J]. J Tsinghua Univ (Sci & Technol), 2020,60(2):162-170.
[33] Daisuke N, Akira K, Yoshiyuki S. Effects of anthropogenic heat release upon the urban climate in a Japanese megacity[J]. Environmental Research, 2009,109:421-431.
[34] 蒋维楣,陈燕.人为热对城市边界层结构影响研究[J]. 大气科学, 2007,31(1):37-47. Jiang W M, Chen Y. The impact of anthropogenic heat on urban boundary layer structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 2007,31(1):37-47.
[35] Li D, Elie E B. Quality and sensitivity of high-resolution numerical simulation of urban heat islands[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014,9:055001.
[36] 黄群芳,陆玉麟.北京地区城市热岛强度长期变化特征及气候学影响机制[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(10):1715-1723. Huang Q F, LU Y L. Long-term trend of urban heat island intensity and climate logical affecting mechanism in Beijing City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(10):1715-1723.
[37] Fan H L, Sailor D J. Modeling the impacts of anthropogenic heating on the urban climate of Philadelphia:a comparison of implementations in two PBL schemes[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39:73-84.
[38] 杨玉华,徐祥德,翁永辉.北京城市边界层热岛的日变化周期模拟[J]. 应用气象学报, 2003,14(1):61-68. Yang Y H, Xu X D, Weng Y H. Simulation of daily cycle of boundary layer heat island in Beijing[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2003,14(1):61-68.