大尺度生态干扰风险评估技术方法及应用研究

高吉喜; 蔡明勇; 张新胜; 申文明; 史雪威; 肖如林

PDF(650 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11) : 5274-5281.

环境生态

大尺度生态干扰风险评估技术方法及应用研究

高吉喜, 蔡明勇, 张新胜, 申文明, 史雪威, 肖如林

作者信息 +

Research on the method and application of large-scale ecological disturbance risk assessment

GAO Ji-xi, CAI Ming-yong, ZHANG Xin-sheng, SHEN Wen-ming, SHI Xue-wei, XIAO Ru-lin

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为实现大尺度生态干扰高风险区域的快速、有效识别，从生态易损性、干扰易达性和资源易引性三个方面选取了9个指标，构建了生态干扰风险评估指标体系和评估模型，形成了完整的大尺度生态干扰评估技术与方法.利用该技术方法，本文评估分析了全国国土空间生态干扰风险状况、空间分布格局及其成因，并结合2017~2019年全国自然保护区人类活动监测数据和《全国主体功能区规划》中生态脆弱性评价结果对生态干扰风险评估结果进行了精度分析.结果显示：超过90%的自然保护区人类活动都集中在评估得到的中高风险区域；全国生态干扰风险主要以中风险为主、低风险次之、再次是较低风险、较高和高风险区域面积最少；其中较高和高风险区域主要分布在我国中西部和东北部的秦岭、祁连山、三江源和内蒙古草原等区域，生态干扰风险空间分布格局与生态系统结构与功能状况、地形与交通条件、资源潜力等因素具有较强相关性.

Abstract

To realize the rapid and effective identification of high risk areas of large-scale ecological disturbance, This research selected 9 indicators from three aspects of "ecological vulnerability (EV)", "accessibility to disturbance (AD)" and "easy-attractiveness of resources (RE)", and constructed the index system and evaluation model of ecological disturbance risk assessment, forming a complete large-scale ecological disturbance assessment technology and method. Using this technology and method, the risk status of the national land space ecological disturbance, the spatial distribution pattern and its causes were evaluated and analyzed, and the 2017~2019 national nature reserves human activity monitoring data and ecological vulnerability result in the National Planning for Major Function Zones were used to analyze the accuracy of the ecological disturbance risk assessment results. The results showed that more than 90% of human activities in nature reserves were concentrated in the medium and high risk areas, The national ecological disturbance risk was mainly intermediate, followed by low and relatively low, and high and relatively high areas were the least. The high and relatively high risk areas were mainly distributed in the west-central and northeast regions such as the Qinling Mountains, Qilian Mountains, Sanjiangyuan, and Inner Mongolia grasslands. The spatial distribution characteristics of ecological disturbance risk had a strong correlation with factors such as the structure and function of the ecosystem, topography, traffic conditions, and resource potential.

导出引用

高吉喜, 蔡明勇, 张新胜, 申文明, 史雪威, 肖如林. 大尺度生态干扰风险评估技术方法及应用研究[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(11): 5274-5281

GAO Ji-xi, CAI Ming-yong, ZHANG Xin-sheng, SHEN Wen-ming, SHI Xue-wei, XIAO Ru-lin. Research on the method and application of large-scale ecological disturbance risk assessment[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(11): 5274-5281

中图分类号： X171

参考文献

[1] Liang J, Zhong M, Zeng G, et al. Risk management for optimal land use planning integrating ecosystem services values:A case study in Changsha, Middle China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2017,579:1675-1682.
[2] 李耀明,王玉杰,王云琦.基于GIS的北京地区生态风险评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017,15(2):100-106.Li Y M, Wang Y J, Wang Y Q. Ecological risk assessment in Beijing based on GIS[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 15(2):100-106.
[3] Taohong Z, Kunihiko Y. Environmental vulnerability evaluation using a spatial principal components approach in the Daxing'anling region, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2017,78:405-415.
[4] 张金茜,李红瑛,曹二佳,等.多尺度流域生态脆弱性评价及其空间关联性——以甘肃白龙江流域为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018,29(9):2897-2906.Zhang J X, Li H Y, Cao E J, et al. Assessment of ecological vulnerability in multiscale and its spatial correlation:A case study of Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018,29(9):2897-2906.
[5] Adriaenssens V, De B B, Goethals P L M, et al. Fuzzy rule-based models for decision support in ecosystem management[J]. The Science of the total environment. 2004,319(1):1-12.
[6] 范小杉,高吉喜,何萍,等.基于生态安全问题的生态保护红线管控方案[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(12):4749-4754.Fan X S, Gao J X, He P, et al. Technical solutions for ecological red-line management based on problems of ecological security[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(12):4749-4754.
[7] David J A, Andrew J D, Lindsay C S. Using principal component analysis for information-rich socio-ecological vulnerability mapping in Southern Africa[J]. Elsevier Ltd., 2012,35(1/2):515-524.
[8] 于伯华,吕昌河.青藏高原高寒区生态脆弱性评价[J]. 地理研究, 2011,30(12):2289-2295.Yu B H, Lu C H. Assessment of ecological vulnerability on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geographical Research, 2011,30(12):2289-2295.
[9] Lindner M, Maroschek M, Netherer S, et al. Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010,259(4):698-709.
[10] 李冲,张璇,许杨,等.京津冀生态屏障区人类活动对生态安全的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(7):3324-3332.Li C, Zhang X, Xu Y, et al. The impacts of human activities on ecological security in the ecological barrier zone in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(7):3324-3332.
[11] 贾晶晶,赵军,王建邦,等.基于SRP模型的石羊河流域生态脆弱性评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020,34(1):34-41.Jia J J, Zhao J, Wang J B, et al. Ecological vulnerability assessment of Shiyang River Basin based on SRP model[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2020,34(1):34-41.
[12] 齐姗姗,巩杰,钱彩云,等.基于SRP模型的甘肃省白龙江流域生态环境脆弱性评价[J]. 水土保持通报, 2017,37(1):224-228.Qi S S, Gong J, Qian C Y, et al. Assessment of eco-environmental vulnerability of Bailongjiang watershed in southern Gansu Province based on SRP model[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,37(1):224-228.
[13] 黄蕾,黄雨佳,刘朋辉,等.区域综合环境风险评价方法体系研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(12):5468-5474.Huang L, Huang Y J, Liu P H, et al. Research on the regional comprehensive environmental risk assessment method system[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(12):5468-5474.
[14] Liou Y, Nguyen A K, Li M. Assessing spatiotemporal eco-environmental vulnerability by Landsat data[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2017,80:52-65.
[15] 黄绍琳,徐超璇,鲁春霞.张家口地区生态脆弱性及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020,35(6):1288-1300.Huang S L, Xu C X, Lu C X. Study on ecological vulnerability and its influencing factors in Zhangjiakou area[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020,35(6):1288-1300.
[16] Jiang Y, Li R, Shi Y, et al. Natural and political determinants of ecological vulnerability in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A case study of Shannan, China[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021,10(5):327-327.
[17] U S E P A. Framework for ecological risk assessment[R]. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington D C, EPA/630/R-92/001, 1992.
[18] U S E P A. Guidelines for ecological risk assessment[R]. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington D C, EPA/630/R-95/002F, 1998.
[19] Hong W, Jiang R, Yang C, et al. Establishing an ecological vulnerability assessment indicator system for spatial recognition and management of ecologically vulnerable areas in highly urbanized regions:A case study of Shenzhen, China[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2016,69:540-547.
[20] 廖雪琴,李巍,侯锦湘.生态脆弱性评价在矿区规划环评中的应用研究——以阜新矿区为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,33(10):1891-1896.Liao X Q, Li W, Hou J X. Application of ecological fragility assessment in mining area planning and environmental impact assessment:Taking Fuxin Mining Area as an example[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,33(10):1891-1896.
[21] Nandy S, Singh C, Das K K, et al. Environmental vulnerability assessment of eco-development zone of Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh, India[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2015,57:182-195.
[22] 杨飞,马超,方华军.脆弱性研究进展:从理论研究到综合实践[J]. 生态学报, 2019,39(2):441-453.Yang F, Ma C, Fang H J. Research progress on vulnerability:From theoretical research to comprehensive practice[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019,39(2):441-453.
[23] Timmerman P. Vulnerability, Resilience and the collapse of society:A review of model and possible climatic applications[M]. Toronto, Canada:Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto, 1981.
[24] Nguyen A K, Liou Y, Li M, et al. Zoning eco-environmental vulnerability for environmental management and protection[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2016,69:100-117.
[25] Sahoo S, Dhar A, Kar A. Environmental vulnerability assessment using Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process based model[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2016,56:145-154.
[26] Wang S, Zhang X, Wu T, et al. The evolution of landscape ecological security in Beijing under the influence of different policies in recent decades[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,646:49-57.
[27] 郭兵,陈舒婷,韩保民,等.丝绸之路经济带(境内段)生态脆弱性定量评价研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2019,28(11):2601-2611.Guo B, Chen S T, Han B M, et al. Quantitative assessment of ecological vulnerability of the Silk Road Economic Belt, China based on the partition-integration concept[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2019,28(11):2601-2611.
[28] 乔青,高吉喜,王维,等.生态脆弱性综合评价方法与应用[J]. 环境科学研究, 2008,21(5):117-123.Qiao Q, Gao J X, Wang W, et al. Method and application of ecological frangibility assessment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2008,21(5):117-123.
[29] Zbigniew C. Relics of cultivation in the vascular flora of medieval West Slavic settlements and castles[J]. Biodiversity:Research and Conservation. 2011,22(-1).
[30] 李迈和,Norbert Kruchi,杨健.生态干扰度:一种评价植被天然性程度的方法[J]. 地理科学进展, 2002,(5):450-458.Li M H, Norbert K, Yan G J. Hemeroby——a method to assess the naturalness of vegetation[J]. Progress in Geography, 2002,(5):450-458.
[31] Corrado B, Giuliano F. Applying indicators of disturbance from plant ecology to vertebrates:The hemeroby of bird species[J]. Ecological Indicators. 2016,61.
[32] 曹秉帅,邹长新,高吉喜,等.生态安全评价方法及其应用[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019,35(8):953-963.Cao B S, Zou C X, Gao J X, et al. Review on methodology and application of ecological security assessment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019,35(8):953-963.
[33] 刘军会,高吉喜,马苏,等.中国生态环境敏感区评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015,30(10):1607-1616.Liu J H, Gao J X, Ma S, et al. Evaluation of ecological sensitivity in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015,30(10):1607-1616.
[34] 刘军会,邹长新,高吉喜,等.中国生态环境脆弱区范围界定[J]. 生物多样性, 2015,23(6):725-732.Liu J H, Zou C X, Gao J X, et al. Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2015,23(6):725-732.
[35] 毕恺艺,牛铮,黄妮,等.道路网络对景观生态风险的影响——以"中国-中南半岛经济走廊"为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2019, 36(3):347-353.Bi K Y, Niu Z, Huang N, et al. Effects of road network on landscape ecological risk:a case study of "China and Indochina Peninsula economic corridor"[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019,36(3):347-353.
[36] Liu Q, Shi T. Spatiotemporal differentiation and the factors of ecological vulnerability in the Toutun River Basin based on remote sensing data[J]. Sustainability, 2019,11(15):4160.
[37] 朴世龙,方精云,郭庆华.利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001,(5):603-608.Piao S L, Fang J Y, Guo Q H. Application of CASA model to the estimation of Chinese terrestrial net primary productivity[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica. 2001,(5):603-608.
[38] Ouyang Z Y, Zheng H, Xiao Y, et al. Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital[J]. Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). 2016,352(6292):1455-1459.
[39] Xu W, Xiao Y, Zhang J, et al. Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017,114(7):1601-1606.
[40] 史雪威,张路,张晶晶,等.西南地区生物多样性保护优先格局评估[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018,37(12):3721-3728.Shi X W, Zhang L, Zhang J J, et al. Assessment of priority patterns of biodiversity conservation in Southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018,37(12):3721-3728.
[41] 张蜜,陈存友,胡希军.苍南县玉苍山风景区生态敏感性评价[J]. 林业资源管理, 2019,(4):92-100.Zhang M, Chen C Y, Hu X J. GIS-Based evaluation of ecological sensitivity of Yucang mountain scenic spot in Cangnan county[J]. Forest Resources Management, 2019,(4):92-100.