Vertical distribution and regional transport of aerosols in Zhejiang Province
ZHANG Yi-shu1, XU Da2, HE Qin1, LI Dong-hui1, QIN Kai1
1. School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; 2. Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
Abstract:The interannual and seasonal changes of aerosol vertical distributions in Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2018 were studied using Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements in six sites. Air quality data were combined to analyse the dominant particulate matter types in terms of seasonal differences. Aerosol extinction coefficients of most sites in 2018 were lower than that in 2017. Spatially, the extinction coefficient within the boundary layer was high in central Zhejiang and low in the eastern and western Zhejiang. Seasonally, the extinction coefficient was the highest in winter, second in autumn, and lower in spring and summer; aerosols were concentrated within 1~2km above the ground in spring and summer, and mainly distributed below 1km in winter; in autumn, affected by high-altitude aerosols, the six stations showed different vertical distribution patterns. Furthermore, the aerosol sources and transmission mechanisms of two trans-regional transport episodes in April and July 2018 were revealed, by using the CALIPSO and MODIS satellite data, as well as the backward trajectory, PSCF and CWT models. It was found that air masses from high AOD areas can significantly increase local pollution in Zhejiang.
张亦舒, 徐达, 何秦, 李冬会, 秦凯. 浙江省气溶胶垂直分布及区域传输分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(5): 2097-2107.
ZHANG Yi-shu, XU Da, HE Qin, LI Dong-hui, QIN Kai. Vertical distribution and regional transport of aerosols in Zhejiang Province. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(5): 2097-2107.
Kaufman Y J, Tanre D, Gordon H R, et al. Passive remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997,102(14):16815-16830.
[2]
Cai Q L, Dai X R, Li J R, et al. The characteristics and mixing states of PM2.5during a winter dust storm in Ningbo of the Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,709:136-146.
[3]
Du W, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 during spring and winter in the Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017,17(9):2165-2180.
[4]
贺千山,毛节泰.微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展[J]. 气象科技, 2004,32(4):219-224. He Q S, Mao J T. Micro-pulse lidar and its applications[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2004,32(4):219-224.
[5]
丁辉.利用微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)探测气溶胶消光系数廓线和大气混合层高度的初步研究[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学, 2012. Ding H. Measurements of aerosol vertical profiles and the mixed layer height using a micro pulse lidar[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2012.
[6]
Fan W, Qin K, Xu J, et al. Aerosol vertical distribution and sources estimation at a site of the Yangtze River Delta region of China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2019,217:128-136.
[7]
Sun T, Che H, Qi B, et al. Characterization of vertical distribution and radiative forcing of ambient aerosol over the Yangtze River Delta during 2013~2015[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,650(2):1846-1857.
[8]
李正强,谢一凇,张莹,等.大气气溶胶成分遥感研究进展[J]. 遥感学报, 2019,23(3):359-373. Li Z Q, Xie Y S, Zhang Y, et al. Advance in the remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol composition[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2019,23(3):359-373.
[9]
邱昀,安欣欣,刘保献,等.北京市气溶胶消光系数垂直特征及影响因子探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020,33(3):519-525. Qiu Y, An X X, Liu B X, et al. Vertical distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient and its influencing factor in Beijing[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020,33(3):519-525.
[10]
吴仪,邓孺孺,秦雁,等.秋冬季节珠三角典型区域气溶胶浓度垂直分布的激光雷达反演[J]. 遥感学报, 2020,24(3):302-318. Wu Y, Deng R R, Qin Y, et al. Vertical distribution of aerosol mass concentration over Pearl River Delta observed by Lidar during autumn and winter[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2020,24(3):302-318.
[11]
Zhao C, Wang Y, Wang Q, et al. A new cloud and aerosol layer detection method based on micropulse lidar measurements[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2014,119(11):6788-6802.
[12]
Zhang J L, Liu P, Zhang F, et al. CloudNet:Ground-based cloud classification with deep convolutional neural network[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2018,45(16):8665-8672.
[13]
Fernald F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:some comments[J]. Applied Optics, 1984,23(5):652-652.
[14]
Bucci S, Cristofanelli P, Decesari S, et al. Vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties in the Po Valley during the 2012 summer campaigns[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2018,18(8):5371-5389.
[15]
Levy R C, Remer L A, Mattoo S, et al. Second-generation operational algorithm:Retrieval of aerosol properties over land from inversion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer spectral reflectance[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2007,112(D13):319-321.
[16]
Levy R C, Remer L A, Dubovik O. Gobal aerosol optical models and lookup tables for the new MODIS aerosol retrieval over land[Z]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2006.
[17]
Wang Y Q, Zhang X Y, Draxler R R. TrajStat:GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2009,24(8):938-939.
[18]
张艳品,陈静,钤伟妙,等.石家庄冬季典型污染过程气溶胶激光雷达观测[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(10):4205-4215. Zhang Y P, Chen J, Qian W M, et al. Aerosol lidar observation of typical pollution process in Shijiazhuang in Winter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(10):4205-4215.
[19]
沈吉,曹念文.2018年中国长江三角洲地区气溶胶的垂直分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(11):4743-4754. Shen J, Cao N W. Characteristics of aerosol vertical distribution over the Yangtze River Delta region of China in 2018[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(11):4743-4754.
[20]
Leng C, Duan J, Xu C, et al. Insights into a historic severe haze weather in Shanghai:synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2015,15(22):32561-32605.
[21]
高星星,陈艳,张镭,等.华北地区气溶胶的季节垂直分布特征及其光学特性[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,54(3):395-403. Gao X X, Chen Y, Zhang L, et al. Vertical distribution of seasonal aerosols and their optical properties over Northern China[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences, 2018,54(3):395-403.
[22]
唐志伟,许潇锋,杨晓玥,等.基于卫星资料的华东地区气溶胶三维分布特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(9):3624-3634. Tang Z W, Xu X F, Yang X Y, et al. Characteristics of three-dimensional aerosol distribution in Eastern China based on satellite data[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(9):3624-3634.
[23]
杨文涛,姚诗琪,邓敏,等.北京市PM2.5时空分布特征及其与PM10关系的时空变异特征[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(2):684-690. Yang W T, Yao S Q, Deng M, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5and spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the relationship between PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(2):684-690.
[24]
邓发荣,康娜,Kanike R K,等.长江三角洲地区大气污染过程分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(2):401-411. Deng F R, Kang N, Kanike R K, et al. Analysis of air pollution episodes over different cites in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(2):401-411.
[25]
李敏,何红弟,郝杨杨.上海市大气环境中PM2.5/PM10时空分布特征[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,41(2):323-332. Gehrig R, Buchmann B. Characterising seasonal variations and spatial distribution of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations based on long-term Swiss monitoring data[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(19):2571-2580.
[26]
Yang Q Q, Yuan Q Q, Li T W, et al. The relationships between PM2.5 and meteorological factors in China:Seasonal and regional variations[J]. arXiv e-prints, 1708.06072.
[27]
李瑞,李清,徐健,等.秋冬季区域性大气污染过程对长三角北部典型城市的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41(4):1520-1534. Li R, Li Q, Xu J, et al. Regional air pollution process in winter over the Yangtze River Delta and its influence on typical northern cities[J]. Environmental Science, 2020,41(4):1520-1534.
[28]
Hua Y, Cheng Z, Wang S, et al. Characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5during a fall heavy haze episode in the Yangtze River Delta of China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,123:380-391.
[29]
Tang L, Yu H, Ding A, et al. Regional contribution to PM1 pollution during winter haze in Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,541:161-166.
[30]
Wang M, Cao C, Li G, et al. Analysis of a severe prolonged regional haze episode in the Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2015,102:112-121.
[31]
Seibert P, Kromp-Kolb H, Baltensperger U, et al. Trajectory analysis of high-alpine air pollution data[J]. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application X, 1994,18:595-596.
[32]
Polissar A. The aerosol at Barrow, Alaska:long-term trends and source locations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999,33(16):2441-2458.
[33]
Hsu Y K, Holsen T M, Hopke P K. Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003,37(4):545-562.
[34]
孙天泽.杭州地区气溶胶光学-辐射特性垂直观测研究[D]. 北京:中国气象科学研究院, 2018. Sun T Z. Vertical observation and analysis of aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Hangzhou[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 2018.
[35]
于彩霞,杨元建,邓学良,等.基于CALIOP探测的合肥气溶胶垂直分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(5):1677-1683. Yu C X, Yang Y J, Deng X L, et al. Vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol optical properties on haze and clear day in Hefei based on CALIOP satellite measuring[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017, 37(5):1677-1683.
[36]
Uematsu M, Yoshikawa A, Muraki H, et al. Transport of mineral and anthropogenic aerosols during a Kosa event over East Asia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 2002,107(D7):AAC3-1-AAC3-7.
[37]
Sheng Z, Ramesh S. Aerosol and meteorological parameters associated with the intense dust event of 15 April 2015 over Beijing, China[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018,10(6):957.
[38]
Zhang Z, Huang J, Chen B, et al. Three-year continuous observation of pure and polluted dust aerosols over northwest China using the ground-based lidar and sun photometer data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2019,124(2):1118-1131.