石家庄一次沙尘大气污染物与边界层相互作用

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摘要针对2020年5月11~12日华北平原出现的一次沙尘过程，使用云高仪和空中国王-350飞机观测平台观测了气溶胶后向散射系数、气象要素、黑碳气溶胶（BC）和0.1~3.0μm气溶胶粒径分布的垂直结构，并结合FY-4A卫星数据、大气污染物数据（PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO和O₃）、地面气象数据和探空数据，探究了此次沙尘过程中大气污染物和边界层结构的相互作用机制.结果表明，由于逆温层的存在，沙尘在石家庄上空维持在>1km的高度，因此对地面污染物的影响较小.沙尘期间石家庄PM₁₀的平均质量浓度为166.3μg/m³，分别是沙尘前和沙尘后的2.7倍和1.5倍.沙尘过程对边界层结构影响较大.沙尘期间在沙尘层附近形成一层RH较小、风速较大、气溶胶含量较高的“穹顶”结构，阻碍了大气边界层的发展.“穹顶”结构使得贴地逆温消失，有利于近地面污染物的扩散.沙尘层内BC和气溶胶数浓度较高，最大浓度接近地面观测浓度.沙尘过程对不同高度气溶胶数浓度谱谱型影响较小，沙尘层使得0.4~3μm气溶胶数浓度显著增加.

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	董晓波
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	杨洋
	赵利伟
	舒志远
	张晓瑞

关键词 ：沙尘, 飞机观测, BC, 气溶胶, 边界层

Abstract：A dust storm was occurred in North China plain and recorded on May 11~12, 2020. A ground-based ceilometers and an aircraft King-air 350 were in operation to record and observe the dust storm. Data retrieved from these instruments were analyzed, including aerosol backscatter coefficients, meteorological variables, black carbon (BC), and the vertical distribution of aerosol size ranging from 0.1 to 3.0μm. Additional satellite data from FY-4A, hourly data of atmospheric pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃), ground meteorological data, and vertical soundings were all analyzed conjointly for investigating the interaction between atmospheric pollutants and boundary. As a result of the thermal inversion layer, the dust only existed above Shijiazhuang over the height of 1km, hence a limited influence on surface pollutants. During this dusty weather, the average mass concentration of PM₁₀ was measured as 166.3μg·m^-3, which was 2.7 times and 1.5 times higher than before and after the dust storm, respectively. A "domelike" structure formed due to the dust storm indicated a strong impact from this weather on the boundary layer. This dome was found near the dust layer and characterized based on a feature consisting of low RH, high wind speed, and high aerosol concentration. The existence of this structure can hinder the development of the boundary layer, and further, the inexistence of ground inversion is responsible for the diffusion of near-surface pollutants. Within the dusty atmosphere, the concentration of BC and aerosols were relatively high as the maximum value of both pollutants were close to the ground observations. The number spectrum of aerosols at different altitudes showed an insignificant correlation with the dust storm. However, the aerosol concentration archived increased notably for those at a size of 0.4~3.0μm related to this storm.

Key words： dust storm aircraft observation BC aerosol atmospheric boundary layer

收稿日期: 2020-08-03

PACS:

X513

基金资助:国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1507900）；河北省重点研发计划（20375402D）；江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20180801）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41805096）

通讯作者: 王红磊,讲师,hongleiwang@nuist.edu.cn E-mail: hongleiwang@nuist.edu.cn

作者简介: 董晓波(1982-),男,河北省柏乡县人,高级工程师,主要从事大气气溶胶与云降水相互作用的研究.发表论文10篇.

引用本文:

董晓波, 麦榕, 王红磊, 杨洋, 赵利伟, 舒志远, 张晓瑞. 石家庄一次沙尘大气污染物与边界层相互作用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(3): 1024-1033. DONG Xiao-bo, MAI Rong, WANG Hong-lei, YANG Yang, ZHAO Li-wei, SHU Zhi-yuan, ZHANG Xiao-rui. An interaction study between atmospheric pollutants and boundary layer during a dust storm weather in Shijiazhuang. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(3): 1024-1033.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I3/1024

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