Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of perfluorooctane sulfonamide in wheat and earthworms
WU Si-han, WU Yu-meng, WANG Shuang-jie, CHEN Meng, LIU Qing, ZHU Ling-yan
Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Abstract：The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) in wheat and earthworms was investigated in different culture media by different culture methods. The results indicated that PFOSA was effectively absorbed by wheat roots from the culture media and translocated from roots to shoots. The bioavailability of PFOSA in soil was significantly affected by the soil total organic carbon (TOC) content. The bioavailability of PFOSA in the soil with higher TOC content was reduced, resulting in the bioaccumulation factors in wheat and earthworms decreased from (61.24±8.42) and (21347.91±208.86) to (5.61±0.23) and (1404.92±108.21), respectively. PFOSA could be transformed into PFOS in the earthworms as well as in the roots and shoots of wheat, but the transformation rate of PFOSA in the earthworms ((3.87±1.71)%) was significantly lower than that in the wheat ((26.39±3.02)%). The ratio of branched PFOS isomers (br-PFOS) in the wheat roots was (14.8±2.0)% and (66.1±26.2)% at low and high TOC content, respectively, lower than those in the shoots ((63.0±21.3)% and (85.2±2.4)%), respectively), which might be because it was easier to translocate br-PFOS formed in roots to shoots. The ratio of br-PFOS in wheat, especially in wheat shoots ((85.2±2.4)%), was significantly higher than that in earthworms ((16.5±4.0)%). The presence of wheat enhanced the bioavailability of PFOSA in the soil, thereby promoted the accumulation of PFOSA in earthworms, but had little effect on the transformation of PFOSA. The results provided evidence for the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of PFOSA in wheat and earthworms, and were helpful to explore the indirect sources of PFOS in the environment.
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