Drought effects on forest greenness anomalies in China from 2003 to 2018
HOU Xin1, ZHAO Jie1, ZHAO Hong-fei1, TA Zhi-jie2, YUE Chao1,3
1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; 2. School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an 710128, China; 3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract：This study was to evaluate the effects of drought on forest greenness anomalies in China. Satellite observations of forest leaf area index (LAI) and climate reanalysis data were used to examine forest canopy damage induced by drought during the period from 2003 to 2018. We assigned the forest Greenness Anomaly index (GAI) as a proxy for the forest canopy damage, defined as cumulative monthly negative LAI anomalies deviated from the long-term monthly LAI trend, then followed by standardization using the standard deviation. Using this index, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought-induced forest damage and the drought sensitivity of different forest types. Our results showed that: (1) The drought-induced forest canopy damage was more widespread in South China than in North China, while high-intensity drought damage mainly occurred in the Northeast and Southwest of China; (2) From 2003 to 2018, the severity of drought-induced canopy damage increased significantly with the GAI change rate of -0.06/a (a lower index means a higher severity), while the forest area ratio subjected to the drought damage decreased with the change rate of -0.0049/a; (3) Forests with a high sensitivity of drought damage mainly occurred in the north of Yunnan and the north part of the Greater Khingan Mountains in China, due to the common effects of geological, climate and vegetation type characteristics of the region; (4) Broadleaf forest was most sensitive to drought, followed by coniferous forest, while mixed forest was the least sensitive forest type and the corresponding regression slopes of GAI and SPEI for these three forest types were 1.8, 1.3 and 1.2, respectively; and (5) from 2003 to 2018, coniferous forest suffered the highest drought intensity and forest damage, with the median of SPEI as -1.65. As a result forest damage was more dominated by the drought intensity than by drought sensitivity.
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