Abstract：To explore the transmission characteristics of indoor and outdoor microbial aerosols in residences of severe cold areas, this study was conducted by combining microbial growth models and numerical simulation techniques. The main dominant bacterial flora in residential buildings were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The analysis of the source of bacteria showed that the main sources were manure, soil, extreme environments, plants, water sources and decaying organic matter. Among them, the proportion of manure sources was relatively high due to the long indoor activities in winter. Research on the propagation law of bacteria in the room showed that the concentration distribution of microbial aerosol in the indoor environment was related to the structure of the room, the form of turbulence and the particle gravity field. Indoor ventilation could hinder the diffusion of microbial aerosols. As the height of the room decreases, the indoor flow field became more complex. Simulation analysis showed that 90% of the bacterial aerosol particles in the room escaped within 50s. And as the height of the room decreases, the concentration of bacterial aerosol gradually decreased, and the range became wider. Indoor ventilation had the effect of preventing the accumulation of bacterial aerosols in the room and diluted the concentration of pollution.
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