中国东部秋季大气黑碳分布和来源的数值模拟

张旭影; 朱彬; 王媛敏; 钤伟妙

PDF(3292 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10) : 4465-4474.

大气污染与控制

中国东部秋季大气黑碳分布和来源的数值模拟

张旭影^1,2,3, 朱彬³, 王媛敏⁴, 钤伟妙^1,2

作者信息 +

Numerical simulation of black carbon distribution and sources in autumn over eastern China

ZHANG Xu-ying^1,2,3, ZHU Bin³, WANG Yuan-min⁴, QIAN Wei-miao^1,2

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

应用耦合黑碳源示踪方法的区域大气化学WRF-Chem模式，对中国东部秋季黑碳气溶胶（BC）分布特征进行研究.研究发现中国中东部BC浓度较高（>2μg/m³），BC高值区（>4μg/m³）分布在华北平原、长江三角洲、两湖及四川东部等地区.工业源、居民生活源、交通源是BC的主要排放源，其中工业源会造成近地层BC分布呈点状高值，地形及气象条件也是影响BC累积和传输的重要因素.BC浓度较高的京津冀BC以本地源贡献为主，在不同的风场及大气扩散条件下，外来源对京津冀BC贡献占比的变化较大.BC来源可分为两种情形：一是传输型：地面风速较大，外来源贡献占比达35.1%；二是静稳型：地面风速小，大气条件静稳，以本地贡献（80.1%）为主，来自京津冀周边省份（山东、河南、山西和陕西）的贡献较少（6.9%）.本地源与外来源对京津冀BC贡献比呈相反的日变化特征，其中傍晚~早上，本地贡献占比维持在较高水平；午后本地贡献占比减小，外来输送明显增强.当京津冀地区受外来输送影响更大时，日变化特征更明显，外来贡献在午后占比可超过40%.

Abstract

In this paper, the regional atmospheric chemistry WRF-Chem model coupled with black carbon source tracing method was used to study the distribution characteristics of black carbon (BC) in autumn in eastern China. It was found that the BC concentration in central and eastern China was higher (>2%)μg/m³), and BC high value area (>4μg/m³) was distributed in North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, two lakes, Eastern Sichuan and other regions. Industrial sources, residential sources and traffic sources were the main sources of black carbon emission. Among them, industrial sources can cause the distribution of near stratum BC to be in point shape and high value. Terrain and meteorological conditions were also important factors affecting the accumulation and transmission of BC. For the North China Plain with high BC concentration, the source and daily variation characteristics of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei BC in the heavily polluted area were analyzed. It was found that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei BC was mainly contributed by local sources, and the contribution proportion of outside sources to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei BC varied greatly under different wind fields and atmospheric diffusion conditions. The BC sources feature can be divided into two types:1) transport type:the surface wind speed was large, and the contribution of external sources accounted for 35.1%. 2) Stable type:the surface wind speed was small, the atmospheric conditions were static and stable, mainly local contribution (80.1%), and less contribution (6.9%) from provinces around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi). The diurnal variation characteristics of the contribution ratio of local and outside sources to BC in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei were opposite. From evening to the next morning, the proportion of local BC contribution remained at a high level; In the afternoon, the proportion of local contribution decreased and the external transportation increased significantly. When Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was more affected by external transportation, the daily variation characteristics were more obvious, and the external contribution can account for more than 40% in the afternoon. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for ambient air quality assessment and pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

导出引用

张旭影, 朱彬, 王媛敏, 钤伟妙. 中国东部秋季大气黑碳分布和来源的数值模拟[J]. 中国环境科学. 2022, 42(10): 4465-4474

ZHANG Xu-ying, ZHU Bin, WANG Yuan-min, QIAN Wei-miao. Numerical simulation of black carbon distribution and sources in autumn over eastern China[J]. China Environmental Science. 2022, 42(10): 4465-4474

中图分类号： X513

参考文献

[1] 秦世广,汤洁,温玉璞.黑碳气溶胶及其在气候变化中的意义[J].气象, 2001,27(11):3-7.Qin S G, Tang J, Wen Y P.Black carbon and its importance in climate change studies[J].Meteorological Monthly, 2001,27(11):3-7.
[2] 黄观,刘伟,刘志红,等.黑碳气溶胶研究概况[J].灾害学, 2015, 30(2):205-214.Huang G, Liu W, Liu Z H, et al.A research overview of black carbon aerosols[J].Journal of Catastrophology, 2015,30(2):205-214.
[3] Bond T C, Streets D G, Yarber K F, et al.Atechnology-based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion[J].J Geophys.Res., 2004,109:D14203.
[4] 程丁,吴晟,吴兑,等.深圳市城区和郊区黑碳气溶胶对比研究[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(5):1653-1662.Cheng D, Wu C, Wu D, et al.Comparative study on the characteristics of black carbon aerosol in urban and suburban areas of Shenzhen.[J].China Environmental Science, 2018,38(5):1653-1662.
[5] 刘玺,孔少飞,郑淑睿,等.春节前后华北平原农村地区黑碳浓度及来源[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(8):3169-3177.Liu X, Kong S F, Zheng S R, et al.Levels and sources of black carbon around the spring festival at a rural site of the North China Plain[J].China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(8):3169-3177.
[6] 张磊,张镭,张丁玲,等.兰州远郊区黑碳气溶胶浓度特征[J].中国环境学, 2011,31(8):1248-1255.Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang D L, et al.Property of black carbon concentration over outskirts of Lanzhou, Northwest China[J].China Environmental Science, 2011,31(8):1248-1255.
[7] 肖思晗,于兴娜,朱斌,等.南京北郊黑碳气溶胶污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学, 2016,37(9):3280-3289.Xiao S H, Yu X N, Zhu B, et al.Source apportionment of black carbon aerosol in the North Suburb of Nanjing[J].Environmental Science, 2016,37(9):3280-3289.
[8] 井安康,朱彬,丁德平,等.中国长江三角洲地区黑碳特征和来源分析[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(9):3585-3594.Jing A K, Zhu B, Ding D P, et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of black carbon in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China[J].China Environmental Science, 2019,39(9):3585-3594.
[9] 花艳,汤莉莉,刘丹彤,等.南京春夏秸秆焚烧期间大气黑碳气溶胶来源解析[J].环境科学与技术, 2017,40(1):9.Hua Y, Tang L, Liu D T, et al.Source apportionment of black carbon aerosol during straw-burning period in spring and summer in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,40(1):9.
[10] Liu S, Hua S, Wang K, et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of air pollution in Henan of China:Localized emission inventory, WRF-Chem simulations and potential source contribution analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2018,624:396-406.
[11] Stein A, Draxler R R, Rolph G D, et al.NOAA's HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2015,96(12):2059-2062.
[12] Mao Y, Zhao X, Liao H, et al.Sources of black carbon during severe haze events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using the adjoint method[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2020,740:140149.
[13] 马晓丹,赵天良,胡俊,等.南京地区一次臭氧污染过程的行业排放贡献研究[J].环境科学学报, 2019,39(1):105-115.Ma Xiaodan, Zhao Tianliang, Hu Jun, et al.Modeling study on emission contributions to an ozone pollution episode in Nanjing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(1):105-115.
[14] 余钟奇,瞿元昊,周广强,等.2018年秋冬季长江三角洲区域PM_2.5污染来源数值研究[J].中国环境科学, 2020,40(10):4237-4246.Yu Z Q, Qu Y H, Zhou G Q, et al.Numerical simulations of PM_2.5 pollution source in the Yangtze River Delta region in fall and winter in 2018[J].China Environmental Science, 2020,40(10):4237-4246.
[15] Wu D.Hazy weather research in China in the last decade:A review[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012,32(2):257-269.
[16] 朱彬,王媛敏,高晋徽,等."两湖盆地"秋季黑碳气溶胶的分布及来源特征[J].大气科学学报, 2020,43(4):592-602.Distribution and source characteristics of black carbon in autumn over ‘Hunan-Hubeibasin’, China[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 43(4):592-602.
[17] Emmons L K, Walters S, Hess P G, et al.Description and evaluation of the model for ozone and related chemical tracers[Z].version4(MOZART-4), 2010.
[18] Cao G L, Zhang X Y, Gong S L, et al.Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011,56(8):781-788.
[19] 程真,陈长虹,黄成,等.长三角区域城市间一次污染跨界影响[J].环境科学学报, 2011,31(4):686-694.Cheng Z, Chen C H, Huang C, et al.Trans-boundary primary air pollution between cities in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011,31(4):686-694.
[20] Saikawa E, Naik V, Horowitz L W, et al.Present and potential future contributions of sulfate, black and organic carbon aerosols from China to global air quality, premature mortality and radiative forcing[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2009,43(17):2814-2822.
[21] Janssen N A H, Hoek G, Simic-Lawson M, et al.Black carbon as an additional indicator of the adverse health effects of airborne particles compared with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5[J].Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011,119(12):1691-1699.
[22] Kwok R H F, Fung J C H, Lau A K H, et al.Numerical study on seasonal variations of gaseous pollutants and particulate matters in Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta Region[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2010,115(D16308).
[23] Emery C, Tai E, Yarwood G, et al.Enhanced meteorological modeling and performance evaluation for two Texas ozone episodes[Z].Environ International Corporation, 2001.
[24] 张楠,覃栎,谢绍东.中国黑碳气溶胶排放量及其空间分布[J].科学通报, 2003,58(19):1855-1864.Zhang N, Qin Y, Xie S D.Spatial distribution of black carbon emissions in China[J].Chin.Sci.Bull., 2003,58(19):1855-1864.
[25] 胡焕庸.论中国人口之分布[M].上海:华北师范大学出版社, 1983.Hu H Y.On the distribution of population in China[M].Shanghai:North China Normal University Press, 1983.