2000~2021年中国典型地区大气降水化学与沉降特征

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1430 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要基于2000~2021年中国东北、华北、华东、东南、西北、西南6个区域10个城市的大气降水组分资料,针对各地区降水量、pH值、降水电导率、水溶性离子浓度及其氮硫湿沉降特征开展了长期变化特征研究,分析了典型地区降水组分的离子中和特性.结果表明:2000~2021年中国各研究站点pH值总体呈上升趋势,但重庆和上海地区的年均pH值至今未达到5.6.济南、西安和重庆站电导率呈现出较明显的下降趋势.西北地区陆源性特征较为明显,Ca²⁺浓度较高(可达1035.2μeq/L);NO₃^-浓度在重庆地区有上升趋势,这与城市机动车保有量的逐年增长有关;而NH₄⁺在各个地区均有下降;东南地区受海盐影响,Na⁺和Cl^-的浓度相对较高.西北和西南地区的硫、氮湿沉降量明显高于东南地区,NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N各地区均呈下降趋势,但该比值年平均值均大于1,说明大气降水中氮沉降以还原态氮为主.东南地区的降水酸度相对较高,然而酸性离子(SO₄^2-和NO₃^-)浓度却较低,说明降水酸度还会受到碱性离子(Ca²⁺和NH₄⁺)的影响.在厦门和西安NO₃^-、NSS-SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺浓度年变化很小,而pH值、中和潜力和酸化潜力的比值(NP/AP)有明显上升趋势;但西安NP/AP值明显较高,反映西安土壤尘埃中的中和能力比东南地区强.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	程昳璇
	关净文
	浮天
	蒋伯琪
	陈倩
	于兴娜

关键词 ：降水化学, 时空分布, 中和能力, 硫沉降, 氮沉降

Abstract：Based on the data of atmospheric precipitation in 10cities of the Northeast, North, East, Southeast, Northwest, and Southwest China from 2000 to 2021, a long-term variation trend was studied on precipitation amount, pH value, electrical conductivity, water-soluble ion concentration, and nitrogen and sulfur wet deposition in various regions. The ion neutralization of precipitation components in typical sites was also analyzed. The pH values of each site in China generally showed an upward trend from 2000 to 2021, but the annual average pH in Chongqing and Shanghai had not yet reached 5.6. The electrical conductivity showed a significant downward trend in Jinan, Xi’an, and Chongqing. The terrestrial characteristics were more obvious in the Northwest with a higher concentration of Ca²⁺ (up to 1035.2μeq/L). The concentration of NO₃^- showed an upward trend in Chongqing, which was related to the growth of motor vehicle ownership. The concentration of NH₄⁺ decreased in all regions. The relatively high concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^- occurred in Southeast, where was influenced by sea salt. The sulfur and nitrogen wet deposition in the Northwest and the Southwest was significantly higher than that in the Southeast. The ratio of NH₄⁺-N to NO₃--N showed a downward trend in all regions, but the annual average ratio was commonly greater than 1, indicating that reduced nitrogen was dominated in nitrogen deposition. The acidity of precipitation in Southeast China was relatively higher, but the concentration of acidic ions (SO₄^2- and NO₃^-) was lower, indicating that the acidity of precipitation was also influenced by the alkaline ions (Ca²⁺ and NH₄⁺). The annual changes in concentrations of NO₃-, NSS-SO₄^2- and NH₄⁺ were not significant in Xiamen and Xi’an, while the pH value and the ratio of the neutralizing potential to the acidifying potential (NP/AP) showed a significant upward trend. The value of NP/AP in Xi’an was significantly higher, reflecting that the neutralization capacity in dust in Xi’an was higher than that in the Southeast China.

Key words： precipitation chemistry spatio-temporal variation neutralization capacity sulfur deposition nitrogen deposition

收稿日期: 2024-02-23

PACS:

X517

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41775154);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022h11020008);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX24_1472)

通讯作者: 于兴娜,教授,xnyu@nuist.edu.cn E-mail: xnyu@nuist.edu.cn

作者简介: 程昳璇(2000-),女,山东淄博人,南京信息工程大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气化学方面研究.chengyx753@163.com.

引用本文:

程昳璇, 关净文, 浮天, 蒋伯琪, 陈倩, 于兴娜. 2000~2021年中国典型地区大气降水化学与沉降特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(9): 4817-4825. CHENG Yi-xuan, GUAN Jing-wen, FU Tian, JIANG Bo-qi, CHEN Qian, YU Xing-na. Characteristics of atmospheric precipitation chemistry and deposition in typical regions of China during 2000~2021. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(9): 4817-4825.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I9/4817

[1] 范卉,于洋,太春宁.吉林省2014~2018年城市大气降水变化分析[J]. 环境与发展, 2020,32(3):146-147. Fan H, Yu Y, Tai C. Characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in jilin Province from 2014 to 2018[J]. Environment and Development, 2020, 32(3):146-147.
[2] 王宏,姚莉,张奇,等.四川盆地不同农作监测点氮磷湿沉降特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2024,44(3):399-408. Wang H, Yao L, Zhang Q, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus wet deposition at various sites in Sichuan Basin [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2024,44(3):399-408.
[3] 吴玉凤,高霄鹏,桂东伟,等.大气氮沉降监测方法研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019,30(10):3605-3614. Wu Y, Gao X, Gui D, et al. Research progress on the monitoring methods of atmospheric nitrogen deposition [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019,30(10):3605-3614.
[4] 宋蕾,田鹏,张金波,等.黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区大气氮沉降特征[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(10):4490-4496. Song L, Tian P, Zhang J, et al. Characteristics of nitrogen deposition in Heilongjiang Liangshui National Nature Reserve [J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(10):4490-4496.
[5] 张泽锋,沈利娟,朱彬,等.南京市降水化学特征及其来源研究[J]. 大气科学学报, 2015,38(4):473-482. Zhang Z, Shen L, Zhu B, et al. Chemical characteristics and potential sources of precipitation in Nanjing [J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2015,38(4):473-482.
[6] Chen X, Shan X, Shi Z, et al. Analysis of the spatio-temporal changes in acid rain and their causes in China (1998~2018) [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021,12(5):593-599.
[7] 侯思宇,邱晨晨,丁铖,等.西安市降水化学组成及来源解析[J]. 环境化学, 2020,39(9):2384-2394. Hou S, Qiu C, Ding C. Analysis on chemical composition of precipitation and its source apportionment in Xi’an City [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020,39(9):2384-2394.
[8] Lu X, Li Y, Li N, et al. Chemical characteristics of spring rainwater of Xi’an city, NW China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(28): 5058-5063.
[9] 谢娜,薛丽洋.中国七大区降水化学特性的空间差异及成因[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2012,51(14):2971-2975. Xie N, Xue L. The spatial differences of chemical characteristics of precipitation in seven regions of China [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2012,51(14):2971-2975.
[10] Zhou X, Xu Z, Liu W, et al. Chemical composition of precipitation in Shenzhen, a coastal mega-city in South China: Influence of urbanization and anthropogenic activities on acidity and ionic composition [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,66:2218-2226.
[11] 杨道伟,许稳,唐傲寒,等.中国东部地区无机氮湿沉降:南-北不同类型监测点的比较[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016,27(10):3205-3212. Yang D, Xu W, Tang A, et al. Inorganic nitrogen wet deposition in eastern China: Comparison of different landuse-based monitoring sites in north and south regions [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016,27(10):3205-3212.
[12] Chen S, Chen B, Wang S, et al. Spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China during 2008~2020[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2023,315:120120.
[13] 梁亚宇,李丽君,宋志辉,等.太原地区大气氮湿沉降变化特征[J]. 地球与环境, 2019,47(4):405-411. Liang Y, Li L, Song Z, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition variations in the Taiyuan Area [J]. Earth and Environment, 2019,47(4):405-411.
[14] 王国祯,刘偲嘉,于兴娜.珠海市降水化学与沉降特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021,34(7):1612-1620. Wang G, Liu S, Yu X. Characteristics of precipitation chemistry and wet deposition in Zhuhai, China [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2021,34(7):1612-1620.
[15] 邓燕青,刘建新,张迪,等.2018年江西省大气降水离子特征分析[J]. 水文, 2021,41(1):79-84,108. Deng Y, Liu J, Zhang D, et al. Analysis of atmospheric precipitation ion characteristics in Jiangxi Province in 2018[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2021,41(1):79-84,108.
[16] 程念亮,李云婷,张大伟,等.2014年APEC期间北京市空气质量改善分析[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(1):66-73. Cheng N, Li Y, Zhang D, et al. Improvement of air quality during APEC in Beijing in 2014[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(1):66-73.
[17] 韩力慧,肖茜,杨雪梅,等.北京市大气降水理化特性的演变及其重要的环境效应[J/OL]. 环境科学(2023-11-01)[2024-05-11]. doi:10.13227/J. HJKX. 202307273. Han L, Xiao Q, Yang X, et al. Evolution of atmospheric precipitation physical and chemical characteristics and its significant impacts on environment in Beijing [J/OL]. Environmental Science(2023-11-01) [2024-05-11]. doi:10.13227/J.HJKX. 202307273.
[18] Wang L Q, Shen Z X, Lu D, et al. Water-soluble ions and oxygen isotope in precipitation over a site in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China [J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2019,76(3):229-243.
[19] 周子航,邓也,谭钦文,等.四川省人为源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(12):5344-5358. Zhou Z, Deng Y, Tan W, et al. Emission inventory and characteristics of anthropogenic air pollutant sources in the Sichuan Province [J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(12):5344-5358.
[20] 王文锦,王卿,朱安生,等.2000~2018年长三角土地利用变化对农田生态系统氨排放的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2021,42(7):3442-3450. Wang W, Wang Q, Zhu A, et al. Role of land use changes on ammonia emissions from agricultural ecosystems in the Yangtze River Delta Region from 2000 to 2018[J]. Environmental Science, 2021,42(7): 3442-3450.
[21] 范榕.南京市多年雨水化学特征与氮沉降及氮的来源解析[D]. 南京:南京师范大学, 2022. Fan R. Chemical characteristics and nitrogen deposition and source apportionment of rainfall in Nanjing [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2022.
[22] 解淑艳,王胜杰,于洋,等.2003~2018年全国酸雨状况变化趋势研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 2020,36(4):80-88. Xie S, Wang S, Yu Y, et al. Analysis on acid rain status and lts change trends in China from 2003 to 2018[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2020,36(4):80-88.
[23] 高智春,王利利,高丽.包头市区大气降水的化学特征及来源解析[J]. 环境化学, 2024,43(7):1-14. Gao Z, Wang L, Gao L. Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric precipitation in Baotou urban area [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2024,43(7):1-14.
[24] 王文兴,许鹏举.中国大气降水化学研究进展[J]. 化学进展, 2009,21(Z1):266-281. Wang W, Xu P. Research progress in precipitation chemistry in China [J]. Progress in Cheistry, 2009,21(Z1):266-281.
[25] 汪少勇,何晓波,吴锦奎,等.长江源区大气降水化学特征及离子来源[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(10):4431-4439. Wang S, He X, Wu J, et al. Chemical characteristics and ionic sources of precipitation in the source region of the Yangtze River [J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(10):4431-4439.
[26] 关净文,侯乐,苏枞枞,等.2018~2022年沈阳大气降水污染与沉降特征的城郊差异[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024,44(6):3052-3059. Guan J, Hou L, Su Z, et al. Urban and suburban differences in precipitation pollution and deposition characterization in Shenyang from 2018 to 2022[J]. China Environmental Science, 2024,44(6): 3052-3059.
[27] 徐敬,张小玲,徐晓斌,等.上甸子本底站湿沉降化学成分变化与来源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2008,28(5):1001-1006. Xu J, Zhang X, Xu X, et al. ariations and source identification of chemical compositions in wet deposition at Shangdianzi background station [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2008,28(5):1001-1006.
[28] 王跃思,李雪,姚利,等.2007年北京夏季降水分段采样酸度和化学成分分析[J]. 环境科学, 2009,30(9):2715-2721. Wang Y, Li X, Yao L, et al. Variation of pH and chemical composition of precipitation by multi-step sampling in Summer of Beijing 2007[J]. Environmental Science, 2009,30(9):2715-2721.
[29] 周瑞.北京地区大气降水的化学性质及其影响因素研究[D]. 济南:济南大学, 2011. Zhou R. Study on the chemical property of precipitation and its influencing factors [D]. Jinan: University of Jinan, 2011.
[30] 高晓栋,陈锡云,丁肇慰,等.基于降水化学的北京城乡大气污染物差异探析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2015,35(12):4033-4042. Gao X, Chen X, Ding Z,et al. Investigation of the variation of atmospheric pollutants from chemical composition of precipitation along an urban-to-rural transect in Beijing [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015,35(12):4033-4042.
[31] 韩力慧,王红梅,向欣,等.北京市典型区域降水特性及其对细颗粒物影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(9):3635-3646. Han L, Wang H, Xiang X, et al. The characteristics of precipitation and its impact on fine particles at a representative region in Beijing [J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(9):3635-3646.
[32] 刘杨,朱敏,代雪静,等.济南市降水化学特征及变化趋势研究[A]//中国环境科学学会2021年科学技术年会论文集(一) [C]. 济南:山东省济南生态环境监测中心, 2021:349-354. Liu Y, Zhu M, Dai X, et al. Chemical characteristics and trends of precipitation in Jinan [A].//Proceedings of the 2021 Science and Technology Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences(1) [C]. Jinan: Jinan ecological Environmental monitoring center, Shandong province, 2021:349-354.
[33] 曹晏风.兰州市大气降水水化学时空变化及影响因子研究[D]. 兰州:西北师范大学, 2021. Cao Y. Study on the spatio-temporal variation and influencing factors of atmospheric precipitation hydro chemistry in Lanzhou City [D]. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University, 2021.
[34] 钟玉婷,刘新春,范子昂,等.乌鲁木齐降水化学成分及来源分析[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2016,10(6):81-87. Zhong Y, Liu X, Fan Z, et al. Chemical characteristics and source assessment of atmospheric precipitation in Urumqi [J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology, 2016,10(6):81-87.
[35] 赛买提·阿布都热合曼,王张建中,等.乌鲁木齐市米东区大气降水的化学特征及来源分析[J]. 环境化学, 2022,41(1):135-143. Abudureheman S, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric precipitation in Urumqi City [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2022,41(1):135-143.
[36] 杜建飞.上海酸雨物理化学特征及氮湿沉降研究[D]. 上海:复旦大学, 2013. Du J. Physical and chemical characters ofacid rainand nitrogen wet deposition over Shanghai, China [J]. Shanghai: Fudan University, 2013.
[37] 张丽明,胡晓艳.上海市中心城区大气降水化学组分变化趋势及来源研究[J]. 环保科技, 2020,26(6):28-34. Zhang L, Hu X. Trend and sources of the chemical components of atmospheric precipitation in Shanghai [J]. Environmental Protection and Technology, 2020,26(6):28-34.
[38] 高俊,郑有飞,陈书涛.2007~2008年南京江北工业区大气降水化学特征[J]. 大气科学学报, 2012,35(6):697-701. Gao J, Zheng Y, Chen S. Chemical characteristics of precipitation in the industrial area to the north of the Yangtze River in Nanjing in 2007~2008[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2012,35(6):697-701.
[39] 陈志立.长三角城市雨水化学特征与氮沉降及其来源解析[D]. 南京:南京师范大学, 2023. Chen Z. Chemical characteristics and nitrogen deposition of urban rainwater in the Yangtze river delta [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2023.
[40] 陈启烜,贺瑶,唐亚妮,等.南京市大气降水化学特征及其来源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2024,44(1):112-123. Chen Q, He Y, Tang Y, et al. Chemical characteristics and sources of atmospheric precipitation in Nanjing [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2024,44(1):112-123.
[41] Fujita S I, Takahashi A, Weng J H, et al. Precipitation chemistry in East Asia [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000,34(4):525-537.
[42] 周东,黄智浦,李思敏,等.西安市大气降水的主要化学组分及其来源[J]. 环境科学, 2023,44(6):3142-3151. Zhou D, Huang Z, Li S, et al. Main chemical components in atmospheric precipitation and their sources in Xi’ an [J]. Environmental Science, 2023,44(6):3142-3151.
[43] Wang Z, Akimoto H, Uno I. Neutralization of soil aerosol and its impact on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia: Observations and model results [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2002,107(D19):4389.
[44] Wang Y S, Yu W, Pan Y, et al. Acid neutralization of precipitation in Northern China [J]. Journal of the Air Waste Management Association (1995), 2012,62(2):204-211.
[45] Wu D, Wang S, Xia J, et al. The influence of dust events on precipitation acidity in China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,79: 138-146.
[46] Wu Y, Xu Z, Liu W, et al. Chemical compositions of precipitation at three non-urban sites of Hebei Province, North China: Influence of terrestrial sources on ionic composition [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,181:115-123.
[47] Xu Z, Li Y, Tang Y, et al. Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China [J]. Atmospheric Research, 2009,94(3):481-490.
[48] Zhou X, Xu Z, Liu W, et al. Chemical composition of precipitation in Shenzhen, a coastal mega-city in South China: Influence of urbanization and anthropogenic activities on acidity and ionic composition [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,662:218-226.