沈阳市大气降水污染与沉降特征的城郊差异

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摘要为了解沈阳地区大气降水污染与沉降特征的城郊差异,对2018~2022年沈阳市铁西区站点(城市)和苏家屯站点(郊区)降水样品的电导率、pH值和各种水溶性离子浓度及其沉降量进行了研究.结果表明,观测期间两站点平均pH值分别为7.12(6.09~8.36)和7.11(5.88~8.19),均呈碱性,无酸性降水.城郊站点的降水电导率和总水溶性离子平均浓度差异不大,2018~2022年期间整体呈现下降趋势.沈阳两站点的相对酸度(FA)均值为0.0004,(Ca²⁺+NH₄⁺)/(SO₄^2-+NO₃^-)均值分别达到了1.57和1.61,表明碱性离子的中和能力较强.大气降水中NO₃^-/SO₄^2-的比值介于0.41~0.58,SO₄^2--S湿沉降量分别是NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N沉降量的1.14倍~2.20倍,表明沈阳大气降水主要以硫沉降为主.城市站的无机氮沉降量总体上高于郊区站,其中NH₄⁺-N平均沉降量分别是NO₃^--N的1.74和1.78倍,说明沈阳市大气降水中的无机氮以还原态氮占主导,这主要与汽车尾气、城市绿地养护、人体排泄物以及郊区频繁的农业活动相关.

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关键词 ：大气降水, 化学组成, 硫沉降, 氮沉降, 沈阳

Abstract：In order to understand the differences of precipitation pollution and deposition characteristic in Shenyang, the electrical conductivity, pH value, and concentration and deposition of water-soluble ion in precipitation were studied at Tiexi (urban) and Sujiatun (suburb) stations in Shenyang during 2018~2022. The results showed that the average pH values of two stations were 7.12 (6.09~8.36) and 7.11 (5.88~8.19), respectively, which indicated that precipitation was alkaline. The precipitation conductivity and the average concentration of total water-soluble ions at two sites were similar and showed a downward trend from 2018 to 2022. The mean relative acidity (FA) of the two sites in Shenyang was 0.0004, and the mean values of (Ca²⁺+NH₄⁺)/(SO₄^2-+NO₃^-) were 1.57 and 1.61, respectively, indicating strong neutralization ability of alkaline ions. The ratio of NO₃^-/SO₄^2- in precipitation was between 0.41 and 0.58. The wet deposition of SO₄^2--S was 1.14 and 2.20 times that of NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N, respectively, indicating that the precipitation in Shenyang was mainly dominated by sulfur deposition. The inorganic nitrogen deposition of urban station was generally higher than that of suburban station. The average deposition of NH₄⁺-N was 1.74 and 1.78 times that of NO₃^--N, respectively, implying that inorganic nitrogen in precipitation in Shenyang was dominated by reduced nitrogen. This was mainly related to automobile exhaust, urban green land maintenance, human excrement and frequent agricultural activities in the suburbs.

Key words： atmospheric precipitation chemical composition sulfur deposition nitrogen deposition Shenyang

收稿日期: 2023-11-30

PACS:

X517

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41775154);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(2022h11020008);江苏省“六大人才高峰”项目(JNHB-057)

通讯作者: 于兴娜,教授,xnyu@nuist.edu.cn E-mail: xnyu@nuist.edu.cn

作者简介: 关净文(2001-),女,河南安阳人,南京信息工程大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气化学方面研究.发表论文2篇.616046339@qq.com.

引用本文:

关净文, 侯乐, 苏枞枞, 沈建东, 于兴娜. 沈阳市大气降水污染与沉降特征的城郊差异[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3052-3059. GUAN Jing-wen, HOU Le, SU Cong-cong, SHEN Jian-dong, YU Xing-na. Urban and suburban differences in precipitation pollution and deposition characterization in Shenyang. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(6): 3052-3059.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I6/3052

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