基于卫星观测的2010~2020年中国高分辨率NH<sub>3</sub>排放特征

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摘要基于2010~2020年IASI卫星观测数据,利用排放通量法对中国NH₃排放量(分辨率为0.25º×0.25º)进行了估算,分析了中国NH₃排放的时空分布和长期变化趋势.结果发现,2018~2020年中国NH₃平均年排放量和排放强度分别为18.61Mt和1.93t/km²,排放强度高值区主要集中在华北平原和成渝地区.中国NH₃排放具有明显的季节变化,春、夏、秋和冬4个季节的排放量分别占全年总量的25.92%、36.55%、19.61%和17.92%. NH₃排放的月变化表现出3种主要模式:畜牧业较发达的西藏、内蒙古以及东北和西北部分地区大体呈“冬夏双峰”型;农业种植主要为一年两熟的福建、台湾和华南等地区呈“春夏双峰”型;其他大部分地区则呈“夏季单峰型”.中国的NH₃排放量从2010年的12.68Mt持续增长到2020年的20.75Mt,线性变化率为815.10kt/a,复合年均增长率为5.43%/a.排放强度超过3.00t/km²地区面积占国土总面积的比例从2010年的4.88%增长到2020年的20.08%.华北平原NH₃排放增长最为迅速,成渝地区其次,东北、西北和除成渝以外的西南地区增长相对较慢.工业、交通等非农业源已成为当前中国NH₃排放的主要来源,工业NH₃逃逸和燃油机动车的NH₃排放可能是近年来中国NH₃排放快速增长的主要原因.在未来PM_2.5污染管控对策中,应充分考虑NH₃排放时空差异.

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关键词 ：氨排放, 卫星遥感, PM_2.5污染, 时空分布, 长期趋势

Abstract：Based on the IASI satellite observation from 2010 to 2020, the NH₃ emissions in China (with a resolution of 0.25°×0.25°) were estimated by the emission flux method. The spatiotemporal distributions as well as the long-term trends of NH₃ emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the average annual emission and the overall emission intensity of NH₃ in China from 2018 to 2020 were 18.61 Mt and 1.93t/km², respectively. The NH₃ emissions in China increased from 12.68Mt in 2010 to 20.75Mt in 2020, with a linear growth rate of 815.10kt/a and a relative growth rate of 5.43%/a. Meanwhile, the proportion of the area with emission intensity exceeding 3.00t/km² to the total land area of China increased from 4.88% to 20.08%. Areas with high emission intensity were mainly located in the North China Plain and the Chengdu-Chongqing area. Seasonal variation of the NH₃ emissions is remarkable. The emissions in spring, summer, autumn, and winter respectively accounted for 25.92%, 36.55%, 19.61%, and 17.92% of the total annual emission. Three main patterns were observed based on the monthly variation of NH₃ emissions: (1) Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and parts of northeast and northwest China, where animal husbandry is the main sector, showed a two-peaks pattern (with peaks in winter and summer); (2) Fujian, Taiwan, and a majority part of South China, where double cropping is dominated, also showed a two-peaks pattern (with peaks in spring and summer);(3) A single-peak pattern (with the peak in summer) was found in the rest regions of China. The growth of NH₃ emission in the North China Plain was the fastest, followed by the Chengdu-Chongqing area, while in the northeast, northwest, and southwest regions except Chengdu-Chongqing area, the growth was relatively slow. Non-agricultural sources such as industry and transportation sectors have become more important in contributing to the NH₃ emission in China. The industrial NH₃ escape and vehicle emissions may be the main reasons for the rapid growth of NH₃ emissions in China in recent years. Considering NH₃ is one of the main sources of PM_2.5, it is suggested to consider the spatiotemporal differences of NH₃ emissions in relevant policy-making for PM_2.5 pollution control.

Key words： ammonia emission satellite remote sensing PM_2.5 pollution temporal and spatial distribution long-term trend

收稿日期: 2022-10-28

PACS:

X51

基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(021114380199);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0208504)

通讯作者: 王勤耕,教授,wangqg@nju.edu.cn E-mail: wangqg@nju.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈培林(1996-),男,贵州铜仁人,南京大学博士研究生,主要从事大气复合污染特征及来源解析等方面的研究.发表论文3篇.2296272892@qq.com

引用本文:

陈培林, 肖欣欣, 王勤耕. 基于卫星观测的2010~2020年中国高分辨率NH₃排放特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 2673-2682. CHEN Pei-lin, XIAO Xin-xin, WANG Qin-geng. High-resolution characteristics of NH₃ emission from 2010 to 2020 in China based on satellite observation. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(6): 2673-2682.

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