塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及其传输特征

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摘要为了探究塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及其传输特征,利用2023年6月~2024年5月塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘民丰气象观测站的气溶胶激光雷达资料,分析了该地区气溶胶的季节垂直分布特征.并结合HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式识别了不同高度层气溶胶的传输路径.最后以一次沙尘污染事件为例,分析了沙尘不同阶段气溶胶的垂直分布及其传输路径.结果表明:①沙尘气溶胶最高可抬升到距地面3~4km (海拔4.4~5.4km)高度,与青藏高原的平均海拔(大于4km)相当,这也表明了研究点的沙尘气溶胶可能传输到塔里木盆地外部.②四季消光系数与退偏振比值在垂直方向上均呈现出随高度升高而逐渐递减的变化趋势,且最大值都位于低空150m高度上,表现为春季(0.69km^-1,0.20)最高,冬季(0.52km^-1,0.18)和夏季(0.40km^-1,0.16)次之,秋季(0.25km^-1,0.11)最低.③沙尘气溶胶主要受东西两路气流传输的影响,除冬季1500和3000m 2个高度层受西风气流输送影响外,其余各季节500,1500和3000m高度层均同时受东北气流和西风气流影响.④各季节不同高度层上,东北气流所携带的消光系数值均显著高于西风气流,因此东北气流为主要的沙尘传输气流.⑤对一次沙尘污染事件的研究表明,在沙尘污染过程中,近地面气溶胶消光系数大于1km^-1,退偏振比值大于0.3,并且在垂直方向上呈现出随高度升高而逐渐递减的变化趋势.塔里木盆地内的东北气流为此次沙尘事件中沙尘气溶胶的主要输送气流.

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关键词 ：沙尘气溶胶, 气溶胶激光雷达, 垂直分布, HYSPLIT模式, 民丰

Abstract：The seasonal vertical distribution of aerosols in the southern margin of the Taklamakan Desert was analysed using aerosol LiDAR data from the Minfeng meteorological station from June 2023 to May 2024, and the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model was employed to identify the transport paths of aerosols at different altitude layers. Finally, the vertical distribution of aerosols and their transport paths at different stages of dust pollution are analysed by taking a dust pollution event as an example.The results show that: ①The dust aerosols can be lifted up to a maximum height of 3~4km (4.4~5.4km above sea level) above the ground surface, which is comparable to the average elevation of the Tibetan Plateau (>4km), and suggests the possibility of transport of dust aerosols from the study site to the outside of the Tarim Basin. ②The extinction coefficients of the four seasons show a decreasing trend with height in the vertical direction, and the maximum values are all located at the low altitude of 150m. The highest values are found in spring (0.69km^-1, 0.20), followed by winter (0.52km^-1, 0.18) and summer (0.40km^-1, 0.16), and the lowest values are found in autumn (0.25km^-1, 0.11). ③The dust aerosols are mainly affected by the east-west transport, except for the 1500 and 3000m altitude layers in winter which are affected by the westerly transport, the 500, 1500 and 3000m altitude layers in the rest of the seasons are affected by the northeasterly and westerly transport at the same time. ④The extinction coefficients carried by the northeasterly jet are significantly higher than those carried by the westerly jet at different altitudes in all seasons, making the northeasterly jet the main dust transporting jet. ⑤The study of a dust pollution event shows that the extinction coefficient of the near-surface aerosols is greater than 1km^-1, the depolarization ratio exceeds 0.3, and the vertical trend is decreasing with height during the dust pollution process. The northeastern airflow in the Tarim Basin is the main transport airflow for dust aerosols during this dust event.

Key words： dust aerosols LiDAR vertical distribution HYSPLIT model Minfeng

收稿日期: 2024-10-25

PACS:

X515

基金资助:第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk030501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42030612)

作者简介: 李晶晶(1998-),男,贵州贵阳人,硕士,主要从事大气污染与防治相关研究.发表论文3篇.Lijingjing08566@outlook.com.

引用本文:

李晶晶, 何清, 张海亮, 徐月月. 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及其传输特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 1844-1857. LI Jing-jing, HE Qing, ZHANG Hai-liang, XU Yue-yue. Vertical distribution and transport characteristics of dust aerosols in the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 1844-1857.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/1844

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