闭坑矿区多环芳烃污染特征、源解析和健康风险

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摘要随着矿山浅部煤炭资源逐步枯竭和国家能源供给侧结构性改革深化推进,闭坑矿区数量不断增加,其遗留的环境问题引起了广泛关注.本研究选取重庆市万盛经济开发区的闭坑矿区作为研究对象,采集水体(n=7)、沉积物(n=4)、土壤(n=8)、煤矸石(n=2)和植物(n=10)5种环境介质共31个样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),分析USEPA 16PAHs浓度水平,结合正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)和蒙特卡罗模拟(Monte-Carlo),解析闭坑矿区多种环境介质中PAHs的污染来源,评价健康风险.结果显示,闭坑矿区河流、淋滤液、沉积物、表层土壤、煤矸石和优势植物中PAHs浓度水平分别是:(45.6±12.4),(97.8±89.4) ng/L,(3640±2520),(6400±2650),(18600±1120)和(801±1110) ng/g.河流、淋滤液、煤矸石和优势植物中,2~3环的PAHs占主导地位,占比分别为83%、71%、39%和54%;沉积物和表层土壤中,5~6环PAHs占比较高,占比均为37%.PMF来源解析揭示,水体中PAHs的主要来源为成岩源与石油源(49%)和交通源(32%),表层土壤中的主要来源为交通源(48%)和煤炭燃烧源(35%),优势植物中的主要来源为交通源(46%)和石油源与煤炭燃烧源(38%).蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明,闭坑矿区的表层土壤、煤矸石和自辟菜地蔬菜对当地居民构成了潜在的致癌风险,且对成人的健康风险高于儿童,表层土壤和煤矸石对居民造成的致癌风险主要通过皮肤接触途径产生.

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关键词 ：多环芳烃(PAHs), 闭坑矿区, 组成特征, 健康风险评估, 蒙特卡罗模拟

Abstract：With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources in mines and the continuous advancement of structural reforms on the supply side of national energy, the number of abandoned mines has increased, drawing growing attention to the environmental issues left behind in these areas. This study focuses on the abandoned mine in the Wansheng Economic Development Zone, Chongqing City. We collected five types of samples, including water (n=7), sediments (n=4), soil (n=8), coal gangue (n=2), and plants (n=10). The concentrations of the 16priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and Monte Carlo simulation were employed to analyze the sources of PAH pollution and the carcinogenic risks in various environmental media within the abandoned mine. The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in river, leachate, sediments, surface soil, coal gangue, and dominant plants were (45.6±12.4), (97.8±89.4)ng/L, (3640±2520), (6400±2650), (18600±1120), and (801±1110)ng/g, respectively. In the river, leachate, coal gangue, and dominant plants, the 2-3 ring PAHs are dominant, accounting for 83%, 71%, 39%, and 54%, respectively. In the sediment and surface soil, the 5-6 ring PAHs have a relatively high proportion, accounting for 37% in both.The PMF source apportionment results indicated that diagenetic sources and petroleum source (49%) and traffic sources (32%) were the main contributors to PAHs in water. Traffic sources (48%) and coal combustion sources (35%) were the primary sources of PAHs in surface soil, while traffic sources (46%) and petroleum source and coal combustion sources (38%) were the major sources of PAHs in dominant plants. Monte Carlo simulations revealed potential carcinogenic risks to local residents from soil, coal gangue, and self-cultivated vegetables in the abandoned mine, with adults facing higher health risks than children. Over 96% of the carcinogenic risks were attributed to dermal contact.

Key words： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons abandoned mining area compositional characteristics health risk assessment Monte-Carlo simulation

收稿日期: 2024-09-03

PACS:

X502

基金资助:自然资源部重庆典型矿区生态修复野外科学观测研究站(CQORS-2023-1);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42077319)

作者简介: 王鼎铭(1999-),男,河南平顶山人,重庆大学在读硕士研究生,主要从事环境地球化学研究.发表论文1篇.wdmuniversity@163.com.

引用本文:

王鼎铭, 刘德才, 刘莉, 马磊, 唐亮, 王锋文. 闭坑矿区多环芳烃污染特征、源解析和健康风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 2086-2097. WANG Ding-ming, LIU De-cai, LIU Li, MA Lei, TANG Liang, WANG Feng-wen. Pollution characteristics, source apportionment and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in abandoned mining areas. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 2086-2097.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/2086

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