This study attempted to investigate the soil archaeal community structure of bare board and other four kinds of halophyte vegetation (Saline Seepweed, Angiospermae, Imperata and A. venetum) in the Yellow River Delta by using high-throughput sequencing technology, and revealed its response to halophytic vegetation succession. The vegetation coverage would help to reduce the extent of soil salinization and increase the content of soil nutrients. The soil available phosphorus had a rising trend with the salt vegetation forward succession in bare board- heavy salt soil(Saline Seepweed, Angiospermae)- light salt soil(Imperata, A. venetum). The soil archaeal community structure of the 5soil differed significantly, bare board with no vegetation coverage had the highest soil archaeal community diversity and richness, and Euryarchaeota was the advantage microflora. Soil archaeal community structure wasn't consistent strictly with halophytic vegetation succession. The community structure of soil archaea didn't have obvious similarity when the halophytic vegetation succession at the same stage. Most community structure of soil archaea had differences at different successional stages, while the differences were not all greater when at the different stage. With the salt vegetation forward succession, the soil temperature, electrical conductivity (salinity) and total nitrogen played catalytic roles to soil archaeal community structure diversity, while the soil available nitrogen and organic matter had inhibitory effects.