Toxicity thresholds based on Mehlich-3 extractable nickel to barley root elongation
ZHU Guang-yun1,2, JIANG Bao2, LI Ju-mei2, LI He-lian1, MA Yi-bing3
1. School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
After water-soluble nickel salt (NiCl2) was spiked to 11representative Chinese soil samples, the spiked soil samples were incubated and treated with or without artificial rainwater leaching in order to simulate field conditions. The toxicity of these soil samples to barley root elongation was studied by a bioassay method, and the extractability of the added Ni in the soils was evaluated using single or sequential three Mehlich-3extractions. The results showed that the extractability of Ni added to soil was affected by soil pH, and Mehlich-3extractable Ni is as a function of total added Ni in soils and soil pH significantly. The phytotoxicity thresholds based on Mehlich-3extractable Ni were significantly affected by soil properties. In other words, the effective concentration causing 50% inhibition based on Mehlich-3extractable Ni varied with ≥ 38-fold difference among soils. Regression analysis indicated that the soil citrate dithionate extractable Fe, Al and Mn, and clay content in soils were the most important factors to affect the phytotoxicity based on single Mehlich-3extractable Ni, and that soil pH and organic content were the most important factors to affect the phytotoxicity based on sequential three Mehlich-3extractable Ni. The influence of soil properties on the phytotoxicity based on Mehlich-3extractable Ni was associated with the number of extraction times. Finally, the predictive models for phytotoxicity thresholds based on Mehlich-3extractable Ni to barley root elongation were developed. The results indicated that the extractable Ni in soil can be used as criteria in order to improve the accuracy and scientificity of Ni ecological risk assessment in soil.
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