Toxicity effects of graphene oxide to Tetrahymena thermophila
LIAO Yuan-chen1, CHANG Ye-qian1, XU Chen-ke1, CUI Yi-bin2, LI Mei1
1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
Abstract：Effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the growth, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, oxidative stress, membrane damage and apoptosis of Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations higher than 32mg/L GO significantly inhibited the growth of T. thermophila (P<0.05), and the cell survival rate was less than 50%. With the increase of GO concentration (0~64mg/L), the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in T. thermophila cells initially also increased but then decreased while the activity of AchE decreased. GO inhibited the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and promoted the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Highest concentration of GO (64mg/L) caused cell apoptosis. Based on the results, it can be concluded that oxidative stress contributed to cytotoxicity at low and medium concentrations of GO (0~8mg/L) while at higher concentrations (32 and 64mg/L) of GO, apoptosis of Tetrahymena may be caused by GO inhibiting its growth.
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