A fluidized bed reactor was designed to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium (NH4+-N) by immobilized microalgae. Influences of different operating conditions of this system on NH4+-N removal efficiency were investigated systematically, including microalgae species, sewage up-flow velocity, photo period and light intensity. Results indicated that a highest NH4+-N removal (96.7%) efficiency was achieved by employing immobilized Scenedesmus obliquus at 6.8m/h influence velocity, 8:16h L/D photoperiod and 4800Lux light intensity. Based on these optimum operation conditions, ammonium removal potential of microalgae was studied at 200mg/L COD. Results showed that NH4+-N removal rate is higher than 95% when the initial NH4+-N concentration is no higher than 50mg/L. A semi-continuous methodology for microalgae fluidized bed reactor was established, which significantly reduced the dependence of microalgae on organic carbon source in the process of biological assimilation. The study provides a theoretical guidance for the design of microalgae fluidized bed technology, which could be used to improve the NH4+-N removal potential from low carbon wastewater.
杨美娟, 刘祥, 王凯军, 马金元. 固定化微藻流化床反应器去除低碳污水中氨氮的潜力[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(5): 2040-2046.
YANG Mei-juan, LIU Xiang, WANG Kai-jun, MA Jin-yuan. The potential of immobilized microalgae fluidized bed reactor for removing ammonium from low carbon wastewater. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(5): 2040-2046.
胡允良,张振成,翟巍,等.制药废水的氨氮吹脱试验[J]. 工业水处理, 1999,19(4):19-21. Hu Y L, Zhang Z C, Zhai W, et al. Ammonium stripping test of pharmaceutical wastewater[J]. Industrial water treatment, 1999, 19(4):19-21.
[3]
刘莉峰,宿辉,李凤娟,等.氨氮废水处理技术研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2014,34(11). Liu L F, Su H, Li F J, et al. Research progress in the treatment technology of ammonia nitrogen wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 000(11):13-17.
[4]
陈峰,姜悦.微藻生物技术[M]. 北京:中国轻工业出版社, 1999.
[5]
Pulz O, Gross W. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2004,65(6):635-648.
[6]
沈俏会.基于产油微藻的污水深度处理及过程调控[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2015. Shen Q H. Process regulation of wastewater advanced treatment by oleaginous microalgae[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2015.
[7]
Lam M K, Lee K T. Immobilization as a feasible method to simplify the separation of microalgae from water for biodiesel production[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012,191:263-268.
[8]
Mandal S, Mallick N. Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus as a potential source for biodiesel production[J]. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2009,84(2):281-291.
[9]
Debashan L E, Moreno M, Hernandez J P, et al. Removal of ammonium and phosphorus ions from synthetic wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris co-immobilized in alginate beads with the microalgae growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense[J]. Water Research, 2002,36(12):2941-2948.
[10]
Martinez M E, Jimenez J E Y F, Munoz L, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from urban wastewater by the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000,73(3):263-272.
[11]
王济港,王庆国.微生物固定化技术在水环境和能源领域的应用[J]. 广东化工, 2018,3:83-84. Wang J G, Wang Q G. Application of Microbial Immobilization in Wastewater Treatment and Energy[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2018,3:83-84.
[12]
Zhang T Y, Wu Y H, Zhu S F, et al. Isolation and heterotrophic cultivation of mixotrophic microalgae strains for domestic wastewater treatment and lipid production under dark condition[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013,149:586-589.
[13]
Rattanapoltee P, Kaewkannetra P. Cultivation of microalga, Chlorella vulgaris under different auto-hetero-mixo trophic growths as a raw material during biodiesel production and cost evaluation[J]. Energy, 2014,78:4-8.
[14]
王曰杰,孟范平,李永富,等.内置LED光源平板型光生物反应器用于微藻培养——普通小球藻在反应器中的固碳产油性能探究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(5):1526-1534. Wang Y J, Meng F P, Li Y F, et al. Internally LED-illuminated flat plate photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation-carbon-fixation and production of lipid in Chlorella vulgaris cultured in photobioreactor[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(5):1526-1534.
[15]
孔维宝,汪洋,杨红,等.不同营养方式对普通小球藻生长代谢及生化组分的影响[J]. 微生物学报, 2015,55(3):299-310. Kong W B, Wang Y, Yang H, et al. Effects of different trophic modes on growth characteristics, metabolism and cellular components of Chlorella vulgaris[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2015,55(3):299-310.
[16]
Xu K, Ge L, Wang C. Effect of upflow velocity on the performance of a fluidized bed reactor to remove phosphate from simulated swine wastewater[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2019, 140:78-83.
[17]
Leenen E J T M, Dos Santos V A P, Grolle K C F, et al. Characteristics of and selection criteria for support materials for cell immobilization in wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research, 1996,30(12):2985-2996.
[18]
González-Camejo J, Viruela A, Ruano M V, et al. Effect of light intensity, light duration and photoperiods in the performance of an outdoor photobioreactor for urban wastewater treatment[J]. Algal Research, 2019:101511.
[19]
Lee C S, Lee S A, Ko S R, et al. Effects of photoperiod on nutrient removal, biomass production, and algal-bacterial population dynamics in lab-scale photobioreactors treating municipal wastewater[J]. Water Research, 2015,68:680-691.
[20]
Matos  P, Cavanholi M G, Moecke E H S, et al. Effects of different photoperiod and trophic conditions on biomass, protein and lipid production by the marine alga Nannochloropsis gaditana at optimal concentration of desalination concentrate[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016:S0960852416315097.
[21]
Lam M K, Lee K T. Potential of using organic fertilizer to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production[J]. Applied Energy, 2012,94:303-308.
[22]
胡自明,夏奡,黄云,等.光生物反应器内CO2传输与微藻固碳性能强化[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(10):3967-3974. Hu Z M, Xia A, Huang Y, et al. Enhancement of CO 2transfer and carbon fixation by microalgae in photobioreactor. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(10):3967-3974.
[23]
Photosynthetic efficiency and carbon partitioning in nitrogen-starved Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Algal Research, 2015,9:254-262.
[24]
Somruethai S, Wanna C, Sarote S, et al. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio affects the biomass composition and the fatty acid profile of heterotrophically grown Chlorella sp. TISTR 8990for biodiesel production[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2015,216:169-177.
[25]
Park J, Jin H F, Lim B R, et al. Ammonia removal from anaerobic digestion effluent of livestock waste using green alga Scenedesmus sp.[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010,101(22):8649-8657.
[26]
Lu Q, Chen P, Addy M, et al. Carbon-dependent alleviation of ammonia toxicity for algae cultivation and associated mechanisms exploration[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2017:S0960852417317406.
[27]
Nagasoe S, Shikata T, Yamasaki Y, et al. Effects of nutrients on growth of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee and a possible link to blooms of this species[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2010,651:225-238.
[28]
章斐,陈秀荣,江子建,等.不同氮磷浓度下2种无毒微藻的生长特性和脱氮除磷效能[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015,9(2):559-566. Zhang F, Chen X R, Jiang Z J, et al. Growth characteristics and removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of two kinds of non-toxic microalgae under different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015,9(2):559-566.
[29]
边磊.微藻对氮磷营养盐的脱除利用与废水净化[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2010. Bian L. The removal and recycle of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and wastewater purification by microalgae[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2010.
[30]
Cai T, Park S Y, Li Y. Nutrient recovery from wastewater streams by microalgae:Status and prospects[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013,19(1):360-369.
[31]
胡洪营,李鑫,杨佳.基于微藻细胞培养的水质深度净化与高价值生物质生产耦合技术[J]. 生态环境学报, 2009,18(3):1122-1127. Hu H Y, Li X, Yang J. Coupling of wastewater deep purification and high quality biomass production based on microalgae cultivation[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009,18(3):1122-1127.
[32]
Hodaifa G, Martínez M E, Sánchez S. Influence of pH on the culture of Scenedesmus obliquus in olive-mill wastewater[J]. Biotechnology & Bioprocess Engineering, 2009,14(6):854-860.
