Remote sensing investigation of grassland change in Northeast China during 1990~2015
MAN Wei-dong1,2,3,4, LIU Ming-yue1,2,3,4, WANG Zong-ming2,5, HAO Yu-feng1,3,4, XIANG Heng-xing2, WEI Si-yi1,3,4, MAO De-hua2, JIA Ming-ming2, REN Chun-ying2
1. College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; 3. Hebei Key Laboratory of Mining Development and Security Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; 4. Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation, Tangshan 063210, China; 5. National Earth System Science Data Center of China, Beijing 100101, China
Abstract：Northeast China is located in the eastern section of the agro-pastoral ecotone in the northern grassland. It is a typical ecologically fragile zone, sensitive to human disturbance and climate change. Based on the grassland datasets in Northeast China in 1990 and 2015, grassland dynamics model, grassland change degree comprehensive index, grassland relative change rate, area-weight centroid model and landscape index were used as reference indicators to analyze the Spatio-temporal dynamics and their driving factors of grasslands. The results showed that the grassland area in Northeast China decreased by 9,755.94km2 during 1990 and 2015, among which the Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had the largest reduction; the grassland dynamic degree, the change degree comprehensive index and the relative change rate of the Heilongjiang Province were the highest, namely -30.67%, 21.68% and 5.55, respectively, and the grassland had the most dramatic changes and the worst stability. The corresponding three indicators in the Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were the lowest, namely -3.76%, 2.66% and 0.68, respectively, with the highest average annual change intensity of 0.0193%, which was more stable than other provinces, but its reduction was the largest. The grassland area-weight centroid moved 11.28km to the southwest in Northeast China, which was caused by the huge difference in grassland dynamic intensity between the Heilongjiang Province and the Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The fragmentation of grassland in Northeast China has decreased, the stability of landscape types has increased, and the shape of patches tended to be regular, mainly due to the conversion of small patches and fragmentized patches into other land-cover types. Climate warming and drying were the natural driving factors for grassland degradation. Increasing population and economic growth had indirectly affected grassland changes, and livestock growth was an important factor for grassland degradation.
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