Impacts of DOC+CDPF on real-world emissions from China III heavy-duty diesel trucks
CHENG Ying1,2, HE Li-qiang3, ZHANG Shao-jun3, HU Jing-nan4, ZHENG Xuan5, HE Wei-nan2, CHEN Yan-yan1, WU Ye3
1. College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
2. Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China;
3. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
4. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
5. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
On-road emission measurements of two typical China III heavy-duty diesel trucks with and without diesel oxidation catalytic converter (DOC) and catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), have been conducted by using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The results indicated that real-world emissions of CO, THC, solid particle number (SPN) and black carbon (BC) from the two retrofittedvehicleswere (1.31±0.37) g/(kW×h), (0.20±0.03) g/(kW×h), (7.13×1010±5.27×1010)particle/(kW×h) and (0.69±0.06) mg/(kW×h), respectively. Compared with the original emissions (i.e., DOC+CDPF removed), these emissions were reduced by 52.48%, 55.69%, 99.91% and 99.22%, respectively. From low-speed, medium-speed to high-speed driving conditions, the reduction ratio of CO and THC showed an upward trend, butthere was no significant difference in the emission reduction of SPN and BC under various operating conditions. Retrofitting with DOC+CDPF had no significant reduction effect on NOx emissions, which were 9.53 to 9.83g/(kW×h), higher than the emission limit. However, the proportions of NO2 in NOx were increased, and the elevations got enhanced from low-speed, medium-speed to high-speed driving conditions.
程颖, 何立强, 张少君, 胡京南, 郑轩, 何巍楠, 陈艳艳, 吴烨. DOC+CDPF对国III重型柴油货车实际道路排放的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(6): 2381-2388.
CHENG Ying, HE Li-qiang, ZHANG Shao-jun, HU Jing-nan, ZHENG Xuan, HE Wei-nan, CHEN Yan-yan, WU Ye. Impacts of DOC+CDPF on real-world emissions from China III heavy-duty diesel trucks. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(6): 2381-2388.
Wu X M, Wu Y, Zhang S J, et al.Assessment of vehicle emission programs in China during 1998~2013: achievement, challenges and implications [J].Environmental Pollution, 2016,214:556-567.
[2]
Anenberg S C, Miller J, Minjares R, et al., 2017.Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11major vehicle markets [J].Nature, 2017,545(7655):467.
[3]
Zhang S J, Wu Y, Yan H, et al.Black carbon pollution for a major road in Beijing: Implications for policy interventions of the heavy-duty truck fleet [J].Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2019,68:110-121
[4]
Yang D Y, Zhang S J, Niu T L, et al.High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions of atmospheric pollutants based on large-scale, real-world traffic datasets [J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019,19(13):8831-8843.
[5]
生态环境部.中国移动源环境管理年报[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk15/201909/t20190904_732374.html,2019-09-04. Ministry of Ecology and Environment.China mobile source environmental management annual report [EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk15/201909/t20190904_732374.html,2019-09-04.
[6]
Wu Y, Zhang S J, Li M L, et al.The challenge to NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China [J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(19):9365-9379.
[7]
Zhang S J, Wu Y, Hu J N, et al.Can Euro V heavy-duty diesel engines, diesel hybrid and alternative fuel technologies mitigate NOx emissions?New evidence from on-road tests of buses in China [J].Applied energy, 2014,132:118-126.
[8]
Yang L H Z.Real-world emissions in China: A meta-study of PEMS emissions data from China 0to China 5/V light-and heavy-duty vehicles [EB/OL].https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_China_PEMS_emissions_meta-study_20180212.pdf,2018-02-12.
[9]
Huo H, Yao Z L, Zhang Y Z, et al.On-board measurements of emissions from diesel trucks in five cities in China [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2012,54:159-167.
[10]
何立强,胡京南,祖雷,等.国I~国III重型柴油车尾气PM2.5及其碳质组分的排放特征[J].环境科学学报, 2015,35(3):656-662. He L Q, Hu J N, Zu L, et al.Emission characteristics of exhaust PM2.5 and its carbonaceous components from China I to China III heavy-duty diesel vehicles [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015,35: 656-662.
[11]
Zheng X, Wu Y, Jiang J K, et al., 2015.Characteristics of on-road diesel vehicles: black carbon emissions in Chinese cities based on portable emissions measurement [J].Environmental science & technology, 2015,49(22):13492-13500.
[12]
国务院.2018年政府工作报告[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/premier/2018-03/22/content_5276608.htm, 2018-03-22. The State Council.Report on the work of the government in 2018[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/premier/2018-03/22/content_5276608.htm, 2018-03-22.
[13]
生态环境部,国家发展和改革委员会,工业和信息化部,公安部,财政部,交通运输部,商务部,国家市场监督管理总局,国家能源局,国家铁路局,中国铁路总公司.柴油货车污染治理攻坚战行动计划[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk03/201901/t20190104_688587.html, 2019-01-04. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Commerce, State Administration for Market Regulation, National Energy Administration, National Railway Administration, China State Railway Group Co., Ltd.Action plan for tackling pollution from diesel trucks [EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk03/201901/t20190104_688587.html, 2019-01-04.
[14]
北京市生态环境局.本市已有近千辆新增重型柴油车“戴口罩”[EB/OL].http://sthjj.beijing.gov.cn/bjhrb/xxgk/ywdt/jdcpfgl/jdcpfglgzdtxx/514455/index.html, 2016-03-25. Beijing Municipal of Ecology and Environment Bureau.Nearly 1,000new heavy-duty diesel vehicles in Beijing have been masked [EB/OL].http://sthjj.beijing.gov.cn/bjhrb/xxgk/ywdt/jdcpfgl/jdcpfglgzdtxx/514455/index.html, 2016-03-25.
[15]
天津市交通运输委员会,天津市环境保护局,天津市公安局.关于天津市国Ⅲ中型重型柴油货车加装颗粒物捕集器(DPF)的通告[EB/OL].http://jtys.tj.gov.cn/Page/ShowInfoPage.aspx?ID=8e7ddc6b-5ffa-4041-afde-47ba27a0404f, 2017-11-24. Tianjin Municipal Transportation Commission, Tianjin Environment Protection Bureau, Tianjin Public Security Bureau.Notice on the installation of DPF for China III medium-duty and heavy-duty diesel truck in Tianjin [EB/OL].http://jtys.tj.gov.cn/Page/ShowInfoPage.aspx?ID=8e7ddc6b-5ffa-4041-afde-47ba27a0404f, 2017-11-24.
[16]
深圳市市场和质量监督管理委员会.关于发布在用柴油车及非道路移动机械安装颗粒捕集器技术规范的通知[EB/OL].http://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/tzgg/201711/t20171130_10078851.htm, 2017-11-30. Shenzhen Municipal of Market and Quality Supervision and Administration Commission.Notice on the technical specification for the installation of DPF in diesel vehicles and non-road mobile machinery.[EB/OL].http://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/tzgg/201711/t20171130_10078851.htm, 2017-11-30.
[17]
谭丕强,张晓锋,胡志远,等.DOC+ CDPF对生物柴油燃烧颗粒排放特性的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(10):2978-2984. Tan P Q, Zhang X F, Hu Z Y, et al.Effects of DOC+ CDPF on particulate emission from a diesel engine with biodiesel fuel [J].China Environmental Science, 2015,35(10):2978-2984.
[18]
Zhang Y H, Lou D M, Tan P Q, et al.Experimental study on the particulate matter and nitrogenous compounds from diesel engine retrofitted with DOC+CDPF+SCR [J].Atmospheric environment, 2018,177:45-53.
[19]
张允华,楼狄明,谭丕强,等.DOC+CDPF对重型柴油车排放特性的影响[J].环境科学, 2017,38(5):1828-1834. Zhang Y H, Lou D M, Tan P Q, et al.Effects of DOC+ CDPF on emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel vehicle [J].Environmental science, 2017,38(5):1828-1834.
[20]
Jathar S H, Friedman B, Galang A A, et al.Linking load, fuel, and emission controls to photochemical production of secondary organic aerosol from a diesel engine [J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(3):1377-1386.
[21]
Caliskan H, Mori K.Environmental, enviroeconomic and enhanced thermodynamic analyses of a diesel engine with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) after treatment systems [J].Energy, 2017,128:128-144.
[22]
Smit R, Keramydas C, Ntziachristos L, et al.Evaluation of real-world gaseous emissions performance of selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filter bus retrofits [J].Environmental science & technology, 2019,53(8):4440-4449.
[23]
楼狄明,张静,张允华,等.DOC+ CDPF对生物柴油公交车排放特性的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2017,37(11):4103-4109. Lou D M, Zhang J, Zhang Y H, et al.Effects of DOC+ CDPF on emission characteristics of a city bus fueled with biodiesel [J].China Environmental Science, 2017,37(11):4103-4109.
[24]
张静,楼狄明,谭丕强,等.不同后处理装置对柴油车颗粒物减排的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,46(7):956-963. Zhang J, Lou D M, Tan P Q, et al.Particle emission characteristics of diesel bus with different after-treatments [J].Journal of Tongji University (natural science), 2018,46(7):956-963.
[25]
GB 17691-2018重型柴油车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段) [S]. GB 17691-2018 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from diesel fueled heavy-duty vehicle(China VI) [S].
[26]
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Development of Emission Rates for Heavy-Duty Vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (EPA-420-P-09-005) [R].U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, 2009.
[27]
Cheng Y, He L Q, He W N, et al.Evaluating on-board sensing-based nitrogen oxides(NOx) emissions from a heavy-duty diesel truck in China [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2019: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116908.
[28]
GB/T 27840-2011重型商用车辆燃料消耗测量方法[S]. GB/T 27840-2011 Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles [S].
[29]
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Analysis of BSFCs and calculation of heavy-duty engine emission conversion factors (EPA-420-R-02-005) [R].U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.
[30]
Zheng M, Banerjee S.Diesel oxidation catalyst and particulate filter modeling in active-flow configurations [J].Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009,29(14/15):3021-3035.
[31]
Feng Q, Shen S, Li M L, et al.Catalytic characteristic and application performance of catalyzed DPFs coated with various content of precious metal in China [R].SAE Technical Paper, 2017.
[32]
Khair M K, Khalek I A, Guy J.Portable Emissions Measurement for Retrofit Applications-The Beijing Bus Retrofit Experience [R].SAE Technical Paper, 2008.
[33]
楼狄明,李泽宣,谭丕强,等.DOC+CDPF对重型柴油车颗粒物道路排放特性的影响[J].环境工程, 2018,(6):90-94. Lou D M, Li Z X, Tan P Q, et al.Effect of DOC+CDPF on particulate matter emission characteristics from heavy-duty diesel vehicles [J].Environmental Engineering, 2018,36(6):90-94.
[34]
Kittelson D B.Engines and Nanoparticles: A Review [J].Journal of Aerosol Science, 1998,29(5/6):575-588.
[35]
He L Q, Hu J N, Zhang S J, et al.Investigating Real-World Emissions of China’s Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks: Can SCR Effectively Mitigate NOx Emissions for Highway Trucks?[J].Aerosol Air Qual.Res, 2017, 17:2585-2594.
[36]
Almén, J.and Erlandsson, L.On-board exhaust emission measurement on heavy duty vehicles at different driving conditions [J].SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2209.
[37]
Velders G J M, Geilenkirchen G P, de Lange R.Higher than expected NOx emission from trucks may affect attainability of NO2 limit values in the Netherlands [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(18): 3025-3033.
[38]
Vojtíšek-Lom M, Beranek V, Klír V, et al.On-road and laboratory emissions of NO, NO2, NH3, N2O and CH4 from late-model EU light utility vehicles: Comparison of diesel and CNG [J].Science of The Total Environment, 2018,616:774-784.
