Abstract：Marine plastic waste has become a global environmental problem in recent years. In order to investigate the pollution of plastic waste and its heavy metal contamination on the coastline, plastic waste was collected from five typical beaches along the Shenzhen coastline. The compositions and sources of the beach plastic waste were analyzed. Its heavy metal content and leaching behavior were studied for the assessment of the potential health risk through ingestion. The results showed that plastics and foam plastics were the main compositions, accounting for up to 72% of the beach plastic waste. The main source of beach plastic waste included shoreline and recreational activities, accounting for up to 80.58%. In terms of heavy metal content, zinc (Zn), barium (Ba) and lead (Pb) had the higher contents than other heavy metals in plastic samples, and the average value of Zn was above 500 mg/kg. In the simulated gastric acid leaching test, Zn concentration was found to be the highest (0.7605~2.6283 mg/L), while manganese (Mn) showed the highest leaching ratio (16.22%~83.45%). Antinomy (Sb) showed the lowest concentration and leaching ratio. The results of health risk assessment through ingestion indicated that the heavy metals in plastic samples did not pose a health risk. This work would benefit the management of marine plastic waste by providing relevant fundamental information.
向静雅, 王倩, 邵明帅, 王前, 吴华南, 徐期勇. 深圳海滩塑料垃圾及其重金属污染分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(7): 3097-3105.
XIANG Jing-ya, WANG Qian, SHAO Ming-shuai, WANG Qian, WU Hua-nan, XU Qi-yong. Assessment of beach plastic waste and its heavy metal pollution in Shenzhen. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(7): 3097-3105.
Quecholac-Pina X, Garcia-Rivera M A, Espinosa-Valdemar R M, et al. Biodegradation of compostable and oxodegradable plastic films by backyard composting and bioaugmentation[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(33):25725-25730.
[2]
Silvarrey L S D, Phan A N. Kinetic study of municipal plastic waste[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016,41(37):16352-16364.
[3]
Geyer R, Jambeck J R, Law K L. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made[J]. Science Advances, 2017,3(7):e1700782.
[4]
Derraik J G. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris:a review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002,44(9):842-852.
[5]
Jambeck J R, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015,347(6223):768-771.
[6]
Zhou C, Liu X, Wang Z, et al. Assessment of marine debris in beaches or seawaters around the China seas and coastal provinces[J]. Waste Management, 2016,48:652-660.
[7]
Munari C, Corbau C, Simeoni U, et al. Marine litter on Mediterranean shores:analysis of composition, spatial distribution and sources in north-western Adriatic beaches[J]. Waste Management, 2016,49:483-490.
[8]
Turner A. Heavy metals, metalloids and other hazardous elements in marine plastic litter[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,111(1/2):136-142.
[9]
Li W C, Tse H F, Fok L. Plastic waste in the marine environment:a review of sources, occurrence and effects[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,566-567:333-349.
[10]
Rochman C M, Browne M A, Halpern B S, et al. Policy:Classify plastic waste as hazardous[J]. Nature, 2013,494(7436):169-171.
[11]
Lithner D, Larsson A, Dave G. Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011,409(18):3309-3324.
[12]
Alam O, Billah M, Ding Y J. Characteristics of plastic bags and their potential environmental hazards[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018,132:121-129.
[13]
Frias J P, Sobral P, Ferreira A M. Organic pollutants in microplastics from two beaches of the Portuguese coast[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(11):1988-1992.
[14]
Gauquie J, Devriese L, Robbens J, et al. A qualitative screening and quantitative measurement of organic contaminants on different types of marine plastic debris[J]. Chemosphere, 2015,138:348-356.
[15]
Alam O, Wang S, Lu W. Heavy metals dispersion during thermal treatment of plastic bags and its recovery[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018,212:367-374.
[16]
Dimitrakakis E, Janz A, Bilitewski B, et al. Determination of heavy metals and halogens in plastics from electric and electronic waste[J]. Waste Management, 2009,29(10):2700-2706.
[17]
Hahladakis J N, Velis C A, Weber R, et al. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics:migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2018,344:179-199.
[18]
Huerta-Pujol O, Soliva M, Giro F, et al. Heavy metal content in rubbish bags used for separate collection of biowaste[J]. Waste Management, 2010,30(8/9):1450-1456.
[19]
Kiyataka P H, Dantas S T, Pallone J A. Method for assessing lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in high-density polyethylene packaging and study of the migration into yoghurt and simulant[J]. Food Additives and Contaminants:Part A, 2014,31(1):156-163.
[20]
Bode P, Bruin M D, Aalbers T G, et al. Plastics from household waste as a source of heavy metal pollution:An inventory study using INAA as the analytical technique[J]. Biological Trace Element Research, 1990,26(1):277-383.
[21]
Omolaoye J A, Uzairu A, Gimba C. Heavy metal assessment of some soft plastic toys imported into Nigeria from China[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2010,2(8):126-130.
[22]
Nakashima E, Isobe A, Kako S, et al. Toxic metals in polyethylene plastic litter[J]. Interdisciplinary Studies on Environmental Chemistry-Marine Environmental Modeling and Analysis, 2011:271-277.
[23]
Morf L S, Tremp J, Gloor R, et al. Metals, non-metals and PCB in electrical and electronic waste——actual levels in Switzerland[J]. Waste Management, 2007,27(10):1306-1316.
[24]
Nnorom I C, Osibanjo O. Toxicity characterization of waste mobile phone plastics[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009,161(1):183-188.
[25]
Vedolin M C, Teophilo C Y S, Turra A, et al. Spatial variability in the concentrations of metals in beached microplastics[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018,129(2):487-493.
[26]
Acosta-Coley I, Mendez-Cuadro D, Rodriguez-Cavallo E, et al. Trace elements in microplastics in Cartagena:a hotspot for plastic pollution at the Caribbean[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2019,139:402-411.
[27]
Massos A, Turner A. Cadmium, lead and bromine in beached microplastics[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,227:139-145.
[28]
Wang J, Peng J, Tan Z, et al. Microplastics in the surface sediments from the Beijiang River littoral zone:composition, abundance, surface textures and interaction with heavy metals[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 171:248-258.
[29]
Cheng X, Shi H, Adams C D, et al. Assessment of metal contaminations leaching out from recycling plastic bottles upon treatments[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2010,17(7):1323-1330.
[30]
Romeo T, Pietro B, Peda C, et al. First evidence of presence of plastic debris in stomach of large pelagic fish in the Mediterranean Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015,95(1):358-361.
[31]
Rosas-Luis R. Description of plastic remains found in the stomach contents of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas landed in Ecuador during 2014[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,113(1/2):302-305.
[32]
Wojcik-Fudalewska D, Normant-Saremba M, Anastacio P. Occurrence of plastic debris in the stomach of the invasive crab Eriocheir sinensis[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,113(1/2):306-311.
[33]
Waring R H, Harris R M, Mitchell S C. Plastic contamination of the food chain:A threat to human health?[J]. Maturitas, 2018,115:64-68.
[34]
World Wildlife Fund (WWF). No plastic in nature:assessing plastic ingestion from nature to people[R]. Gland, Switzerland. WWF, 2019.
[35]
Cheshire A C, Adler E, Barbière J, et al. UNEP/IOC guidelines on survey and monitoring of marine litter[R]. 2009.
[36]
Ocean Conservacy. A rising tide of ocean debries[R]. Washington DC, USA. 2010.
[37]
Alkalay R, Pasternak G, Zask A. Clean-coast index-a new approach for beach cleanliness assessment[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, 2007,50(5/6):352-362.
[38]
Amirah M N, Afiza A S, Wan ishak F, et al. Human health risk assessment of metal contamination through consumption of fish[J]. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 2013,1:1-5.
[39]
Salazar M J, Rodriguez J H, Leonardo Nieto G, et al. Effects of heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Zn and Pb) in agricultural soils near different emission sources on quality, accumulation and food safety in soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merrill] [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012,233-234:244-253.
[40]
中华人民共和国生态环境部.2018年中国海洋生态环境状况公报[EB/OL]. http://hys.mee.gov.cn/dtxx/201905/P020190529532197736567.pdf, 2019. Ministry of ecology and environment of the people's Republic of China. Statement on the state of China's marine ecological environment in 2018[EB/OL]. http://hys.mee.gov.cn/dtxx/201905/P020190529532197736567.pdf, 2019.
[41]
国峰,李志恩,秦玉涛,等.上海市海洋垃圾分布、组成与来源分析[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2014,31(9):110-113. Guo F, Li Z E, Qin Y T, et al. Analysis of the distribution, composition, and source of marine waste in Shanghai[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2014,31(9):110-113.
[42]
孙伟,汤宪春,徐艳东,等.山东省沿岸海域海洋垃圾分布、组成和变化特征[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016,16(18):89-94. Sun W, Tang X C, Xu Y D, et al. Distribution, composition and characteristics of marine debris in Coastline of Shandong Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016,16(18):89-94.
[43]
邓婷,高俊敏,吴文楠,等.温州沿海大型塑料垃圾排放特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(11):4354-4360. Deng T, Gao J M, Wu W N, et al. Study on the discharging characteristics of large plastic litters along Wenzhou coastal[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(11):4354-4360.
[44]
国峰,周鹏,李志恩,等.2011年东中国海沿岸海域海洋垃圾分布、组成与来源分析[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2014,(3):193-200. Guo F, Zhou P, Li Z E, et al. Analysis of the distribution, composition and source of marine debris in the coastal areas of the East China Sea in 2011[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2014,(3):193-200.
[45]
莫珍妮,曹庆先,陈圆,等.广西沿海典型海滩海洋垃圾调查研究初探[J]. 化学工程与装备, 2018,(7):299-301. Mo Z N, Cao Q X, Chen Y, et al. A preliminary study on investigation of marine debris on typical beaches in Guangxi[J]. Chemical Engineering and Equipment, 2018,(7):299-301.
[46]
赵肖,綦世斌,廖岩,等.我国海滩垃圾污染现状及控制对策[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(10):1560-1566. Zhao X, Qi S B, Liao Y, et al. Investigation and control of beach litter pollution in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(10):1560-1566.
[47]
Holmes L A, Turner A, Thompson R C. Adsorption of trace metals to plastic resin pellets in the marine environment[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2012,160(1):42-48.
[48]
Turner A, Holmes L A. Adsorption of trace metals by microplastic pellets in fresh water[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,12(5):600-610.
[49]
Mato Y, Isobe T, Takada H, et al. Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2001,35(2):318-324.
[50]
Ashton K, Holmes L, Turner A. Association of metals with plastic production pellets in the marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(11):2050-2055.
[51]
United States Environmental Protcction Agency (USEPA). Integrated Risk Information System[EB/OL]. https://www.epa.gov/iris, 2019-08-08.
