毒死蜱在我国水稻上登记现状及水生态风险评估

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (520 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要对中国目前在水稻上登记的所有毒死蜱单剂进行梳理统计，利用Top-Rice模型对不同剂型毒死蜱产品及其代谢物进行水生态风险评估.结果显示，截止2019年5月，我国在水稻上所登记的毒死蜱单剂共292种，分为6种剂型.乳油占比最大，为82.5%，其次为水乳剂，占12.0%，可湿性粉剂、微乳剂、微囊悬浮剂、颗粒剂分别占0.3%、4.1%、0.7%、0.3%.基于风险评估保守性原则，归纳出适用模型分析的不同剂型毒死蜱产品的施用方法模式，对其在水稻田使用进行暴露分析.结果显示6种不同剂型毒死蜱在不同场景、不同季节的水稻上施用后，其母体预测环境浓度（PEC）范围0.7~1628.6μg/L，其代谢物的PEC范围为0.7~1705.9μg/L.风险表征结果显示，在现有登记施用条件下，对初级急性风险而言，毒死蜱产品对鱼类、无脊椎动物风险组（RQ > 1）分别占总模拟组的76.0%、90.6%；对于初级慢性风险而言，毒死蜱对初级生产者的风险组占总模拟组的72.9%，而高级分析评估结果显示毒死蜱产品对鱼类、无脊椎动物及水生中宇宙组RQ值均大于1，对水生生态系统存在风险.综合以上结果，目前在我国水稻上登记的毒死蜱产品使用后对水生生态系统的风险不容忽视.需注意的是，为综合分析所有登记毒死蜱产品剂型的可能风险，本研究针对其施药方法模式的分析偏保守，且所用模型未考虑到毒死蜱在土壤表面光解等影响因素，使得评价结果具有一定保守性.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	陈诗卉
	姜锦林
	张焕朝
	刘仁彬
	周军英
	单正军
	卜元卿

关键词 ：毒死蜱, 水稻, 水生生态系统, 风险, 评估

Abstract：In the present study, the current situation of chlorpyrifos products registered for use on rice in China was analyzed and the comprehensive risk assessment of products for aquatic ecosystem were conducted by using the Top-Rice model. It showed that a total of 292 chlorpyrifos formulations (single active component) had been registered for use on rice by May 2019 and these chlorpyrifos products could be grouped into six dosage forms. Among these forms, the emulsifiable concentrates (EC) accounted for the largest portion at 82.5%, followed by the water emulsions (EW) at 12.0%. And the wettable powders (WP), microemulsion (ME), microcapsule suspension (CS) and granules (GR) contributed to the remaining shares at 0.3%, 4.1%, 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively. Based on the conservative principles of risk assessment, application range of different dosage forms of chlorpyrifos and exposure assessment for their use on rice in China were investigated. The results showed that after applying six different dosage forms of chlorpyrifos on rice in different scenarios and seasons, the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of parent compound chlorpyrifos ranged from 0.7 to 1628.6 μg/L and its metabolites ranged from 0.7 to 1705.9 μg/L. The results of acute risk characterization indicated that the at-risk groups of chlorpyrifos to fish and invertebrates accounted for 76.0% and 90.6%, respectively, of the total simulated group in current application conditions. By contrast, for chronic risk, the at-risk groups of chlorpyrifos to primary producers accounted for 72.9% of the total simulation group. The results of high tiered risk assessment showed that the RQ values of fish, invertebrates and aquatic mesocosm groups were all greater than 1. In summary, the risk to aquatic ecosystems resulted from using currently registered chlorpyrifos products on rice cannot be ignored in China. It should be noted that, in the present study, the method used to analyze the application model of all chlorpyrifos product dosage forms was relatively conservative and the Top-Rice model did not consider the factors affecting the photolysis of chlorpyrifos on the soil surface, therefore to some extent the risk might be underestimated based on the assessment results.

Key words： chlorpyrifos rice aquatic ecosystem risk assessment

收稿日期: 2020-01-19

PACS:

X171

基金资助:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07602）

通讯作者: 姜锦林,副研究员,jjl@nies.org E-mail: jjl@nies.org

作者简介: 陈诗卉(1994-),女,江苏镇江人,南京林业大学研究生,研究方向为污染生态毒理学与环境风险评估.

引用本文:

陈诗卉, 姜锦林, 张焕朝, 刘仁彬, 周军英, 单正军, 卜元卿. 毒死蜱在我国水稻上登记现状及水生态风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(8): 3585-3594. CHEN Shi-hui, JIANG Jin-lin, ZHANG Huan-chao, LIU Ren-bin, ZHOU Jun-ying, SHAN Zheng-jun, BU Yuan-qing. Registration status of chlorpyrifos products for use on rice and its risk assessment for aquatic ecosystem in China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(8): 3585-3594.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I8/3585

[1]	高寒,陈娟,王沛芳,等.农药污染土壤的生物强化修复技术研究进展[J].土壤, 2019,51(3):425-433. Gao H, Chen J, Wang P F, et al. Bioaugmentation Remediation of Pesticide-contaminated Soil:A Review[J]. Soils, 2019,51(3):425-433.
[2]	苏冠勇,张效伟,韦斯,等.毒死蜱生态毒理与风险研究综述[J].环境监控与预警, 2012,4(5):5-9. Su G Y, Zhang X W, Wei S, et al. Review of Ecotoxicological and Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2012,4(5):5-9.
[3]	张家禹,刘丽丽,李国超,等.毒死蜱对斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激效应研究[J].中国环境科学, 2016,36(3):927-934. Zhang J Y, Liu L L, Li G C, et al. Oxidative stress effects of chlorpyrifos on zebrafish embryos[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(3):927-934.
[4]	李春琴,魏淑梅,王瑞兵,等.有机磷农药微生物降解的研究进展[J].绿色科技, 2019,(10):120-122. Li C Q, Wei S M, Wang R B, et al. Research progress on microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2019,(10):120-122.
[5]	张丽英.水稻病虫害防治中存在的问题及对策探索[J].农业开发与装备, 2018,(4):166-167. Zhang L Y. Problems and countermeasures in rice pest control[J]. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2018,(4):166-167.
[6]	Hua L, Wang D R, Tan L, et al. LABA1, A domestication gene associated with long, barbed awns in wild rice[J]. The Plant Cell, 2015,27(7):1875-1888.
[7]	王云锋,李春琴,韩光煜,等.茉莉酸不同方式处理水稻对稻瘟病的防控效果及对水稻防御体系的影响[J].南方农业学报, 2019,50(3):562-569. Wang Y F, Li C Q, Han G Y, et al. Effect of different treatments of jasmonic acid on rice blast disease control and its effect on rice defense system[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2019,50(3):562-569.
[8]	邱良妙,占志雄,林仁魁,等.八种不同药剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学), 2003,(4):571-573. Qiu L M, Zhan Z X, Lin R K, et al. Efficacy of 8 insecticides against cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenée[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2003,(4):571-573.
[9]	单正军,陈祖义.农药对水生生物的污染影响及污染控制技术[J].农药科学与管理, 2007,(10):18-20,14. Shan Z J, Chen Z Y. Pollution effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms and pollution control techniques[J]. Pesticide Science and Administration, 2007,(10):18-20,14.
[10]	丁浩东,万红友,秦攀,等.环境中有机磷农药污染状况、来源及风险评价[J].环境化学, 2019,38(3):463-479. Ding H D, Wan H Y, Qin P, et al. Occurrence, sources and risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment, China[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019,38(3):463-479.
[11]	曹莹,张亚辉,闫振广,等.太湖水体中毒死蜱的污染特征及其生态风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016,35(12):2413-2419. Cao Y, Zhang Y H, Yan Z G, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of chlorpyrifos in Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016,35(12):2413-2419.
[12]	李炳华,任仲宇,陈鸿汉,等.太湖流域某农业区浅层地下水有机氯农药残留特征初探[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007,(5):1714-1718. Li B H, Ren Z Y, Chen H H, et al. Residues of organochlorine pesticides in shallow groundwater of agricultural region in Taihu Basin[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007,(5):1714-1718.
[13]	周梦春,于福新,向茂英,等.分子印迹基质固相分散-液相色谱法测定土壤中毒死蜱及代谢物残留量[J].干旱环境监测, 2017,31(4):149-153,167. Zhou M C, Yu F X, Xiang M Y, et al. Determination of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in soil by molecularly imprinted matrix solid phase dispersion combined with HPLC[J]. Arid Environmental Monitoring, 2017,31(4):149-153,167.
[14]	Manclús J J, Montoya A. Development of Immunoassays for the Analysis of Chlorpyrifos and its Major Metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in the Aquatic Environment[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995,311(3):341-348.
[15]	赵颖.淡水鱼类对3种农药的敏感性分布(SSDs)初探[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2013. Zhao Y. Tentative exploration of sensitivity distribution (SSDs) on freshiwater fish to 3 kinds of pesticides[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2013.