典型室内公共场所灰尘中PBDEs污染特征及源解析

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摘要为探索以多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）为代表的半挥发性有机化合物在典型室内公共场所中的污染特征及与材料的关系，在网咖、电子市场、建材市场、商场和图书城5类典型公共场所采集分析了灰尘样品，利用环境模拟舱研究了不同污染源材料中PBDEs的挥发强度系数（K_vsPBDEs）、衰减半衰期，结合主成分分析（PCA）分析了PBDEs的浓度与不同室内材料间的关系.结果表明，杭州5类典型室内公共场所灰尘中∑₁₄PBDEs的平均值分别为：网咖（2471.75ng/g）>电子市场（1071.77ng/g）>建材市场（900.63ng/g）>商场（441.27ng/g）>图书城（243.36ng/g）.所选取的10种室内典型污染源材料中∑₁₄PBDEs含量最高的为保温棉（91.61μg/g），最低的为电路板（7.97μg/g）；K_vsPBDEs最高的为电线[14.04×10⁴μg/（g·m²）]，最低的是纤维墙纸[0.87×10⁴μg/（g·m²）]；塑料地毯、保温棉和纤维墙纸在40℃下的衰减半衰期分别为192，375和61d.研究发现室内公共场所中PBDEs的浓度与不同材料有关：网咖中PBDEs主要来自于纤维墙纸和电线；超市和图书城中PBDEs主要来自于陶瓷阻燃布和混纺地毯；建材市场中PBDEs主要来自于保温棉、电路板和塑料墙纸；电子市场中PBDEs主要来自于纤维阻燃布和电线.

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关键词 ：多溴联苯醚, 污染特征, 污染源材料, 挥发强度系数, 半衰期

Abstract：In order to explore the pollution characteristics of SVOCs represented by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in typical indoor public places and the relationship with materials, dust samples were collected and analyzed in 5 types of typical public places, PBDEs concentration in different indoor materials were analyzed by using environmental simulation cabin, then the coefficient of volatile strengths of PBDEs (K_vsPBDEs), decay half-life was determined. The relationship between the concentration of PBDEs and different indoor materials was analyzed by PCA. The results revealled that the concentration of ∑₁₄ PBDEs in dust in 5 typical Hangzhou indoor public places from high to low was:Internet cafes (2471.75ng/g), electronic markets (1071.77ng/g), building materials markets (900.63ng/g), shopping malls (441.27ng/g), and book cities (243.36ng/g). Among the selected 10 pollution source materials, the highest concentration of ∑₁₄ PBDEs was thermal insulation cotton (91.61μg/g), and the lowest was circuit board (7.97μg/g), the highest K_vsPBDEs was wire (14.04×10⁴μg/(g×m²)), and the lowest was fiber wallpaper (0.87×10⁴ μg/(g×m²)), finally, plastic carpet, insulation and cotton fiber wallpapers ecay half-life (192,375,61d) at 40℃ were determined. It revealled that PBDEs concentration in indoor public places was related to different indoor materials. PBDEs in Internet cafes mainly come from fiber wallpaper and wires, PBDEs in shopping malls and book cities mainly come from ceramic flame-retardant cloth and blended carpets, PBDEs in the building materials markets mainly come from thermal insulation cotton, circuit boards and plastic wallpaper, and PBDEs in the electronic markets mainly come from fiber flame retardant cloth and wires.

Key words： PBDEs pollution characteristics source material coefficient of volatile strengths half-life

收稿日期: 2020-08-18

PACS:

X502

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0207103）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LY16B070012）

通讯作者: 金漫彤,教授,jmtking@zjut.edu.cn E-mail: jmtking@zjut.edu.cn

作者简介: 金漫彤(1967-),女,浙江杭州人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为室内空气污染及控制.发表论文50余篇.

引用本文:

金漫彤, 陆朱豪, 郦林军, 沈学优, 张顺飞. 典型室内公共场所灰尘中PBDEs污染特征及源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(4): 1878-1885. JIN Man-tong, LU Zhu-hao, LI Lin-jun, SHEN Xue-you, ZHANG Shun-fei. Pollution characteristics and source analysis of PBDEs in dust in typical public places. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(4): 1878-1885.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I4/1878

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