Investigation of cloud condensation nuclei activity under different pollution conditions in spring of Nanjing
LU Wen-tao1, MA Yan1,2, ZHENG Jun1, JIANG You-ling1
1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2. Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Abstract:Filed observation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation properties of aerosols were carried out from March 2018 to April 2018 in the northern suburbs of Nanjing. Meteorological data, PM2.5 number concentration, chemical composition and optical properties of particles are also collected for analysis. The CCN activities of aerosols in polluted days and clean days during the observation period were compared, and the characteristics of typical pollution processes and new particle formation days were analyzed. Results showed that the CCN activity of aerosols are generally high during this observation, with an average hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of 0.30under each supersaturation(SS) condition. The lowest κ was observed under the lowest supersaturation (SS=0.17%), and the maximum activation ratio (B) was 0.72, indicating that aerosols contains many substances that are difficult for activation. κ was seen higher in polluted days than in clean days. When compared to that in clean days, the activation ratio in polluted days was relatively lower and the level of external mixing was higher, which was mainly due to the large amount of less hygroscopic particles emitted by traffic and industry. Aging process of particulate matters are observed fast at night, making particles more hygroscopic and leading to higher CCN number concentration. In new particle formation days, κ showed diurnal variation due to particle nucleation, and new particle formation process also made significant contribution to total aerosol number concentration(NCN) and CCN number concentration(NCCN).
陆文涛, 马嫣, 郑军, 蒋友凌. 不同污染条件下南京春季CCN活化特征分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(9): 4096-4106.
LU Wen-tao, MA Yan, ZHENG Jun, JIANG You-ling. Investigation of cloud condensation nuclei activity under different pollution conditions in spring of Nanjing. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(9): 4096-4106.
Zhang F, Ren J, Fan T, et al. Significantly enhanced aerosol CCN activity and number concentrations by nucleation-initiated haze events:A case study in Urban Beijing[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2019,124(24):14102-14113.
[2]
Twomey S. Pollution and the planetary albedo[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1974,8(12):1251-1256.
[3]
Rosenfeld D, Lohmann U, Raga G B, et al. Flood or drought:how do aerosols affect precipitation?[J]. Science, 2008,321(5894):1309-1313.
[4]
赵洁心,马嫣,郑军.南京北郊云凝结核活化特征观测及闭合研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(7):2415-2424.Zhao J X, Ma Y, Zheng J. Characterization and prediction of cloud condensation nuclei activity in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(7):2415-2424.
[5]
Bhattu D, Tripathi S N. Inter-seasonal variability in size-resolved CCN properties at Kanpur, India[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,85:161-168.
[6]
Chatterjee A, Dutta M, Ghosh A, et al. Relative role of black carbon and sea-salt aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei over a high altitude urban atmosphere in eastern Himalaya[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020,742:140468.
[7]
Leena P P, Pandithurai G, Anilkumar V, et al. Seasonal variability in aerosol, CCN and their relationship observed at a high altitude site in Western Ghats[J]. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2015, 128(2):143-153.
[8]
Pöhlker M L, Pöhlker C, Ditas F, et al. Long-term observations of cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon rain forest-Part 1:Aerosol size distribution, hygroscopicity, and new model parametrizations for CCN prediction[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016,16(24):15709-15740.
[9]
Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, et al. Characterization of aerosol hygroscopicity, mixing state, and CCN activity at a suburban site in the central North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018,18(16):11739-11752.
[10]
Cai M, Tan H, Chan C K, et al. The size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and its prediction based on aerosol hygroscopicity and composition in the Pearl Delta River (PRD) region during wintertime 2014[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18(22):16419-16437.
[11]
Duan J, Wang Y, Xie X, et al. Influence of pollutants on activity of aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) during pollution and post-rain periods in Guangzhou, southern China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018,642:1008-1019.
[12]
Che H C, Zhang X Y, Zhang L, et al. Prediction of size-resolved number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and long-term measurements of their activation characteristics[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017,7(1):5819.
[13]
李琦,银燕,顾雪松,等.南京夏季气溶胶吸湿增长因子和云凝结核的观测研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(2):337-346.Li Q, Yin Y, Gu X S, et al. An observational study of aerosol hygroscopic growth factor and cloud condensation nuclei in Nanjing in summer[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(2):337-346.
[14]
朱麟,马嫣,郑军,等.南京大气气溶胶混合态与云凝结核活化特征研究[J]. 环境科学, 2016,36(4):1199-1207.Zhu L, Ma Y, Zheng J, et al. Investigation of aerosol mixed state and CCN activity in Nanjing[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,36(4):1199-1207.
[15]
邹华,马嫣,郑军,等.南京冬季云凝结核活化特征及闭合研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(7):2811-2820.Zou H, Ma Y, Zheng J, et al. Characterization and prediction of cloud condensation nuclei activity in winter of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(7):2811-2820.
[16]
Meng J W, Yeung M C, Li Y J, et al. Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and closure analysis at the HKUST Supersite in Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(18):10267-10282.
[17]
Rose D, Nowak A, Achtert P, et al. Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China-Part 1:Size-resolved measurements and implications for the modeling of aerosol particle hygroscopicity and CCN activity[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010,10(7):3365-3383.
[18]
Deng Z Z, Zhao C S, Ma N, et al. An examination of parameterizations for the CCN number concentration based on in situ measurements of aerosol activation properties in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013,13(13):6227-6237.
[19]
Ren J, Zhang F, Wang Y, et al. Using different assumptions of aerosol mixing state and chemical composition to predict CCN concentrations based on field measurements in urban Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018,18(9):6907-6921.
[20]
张海潇,郭照冰,陈善莉,等.南京北郊冬夏季大气PM2.5中碳质组分浓度及同位素组成研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(9):3424-3429.Zhang H X, Guo Z B, Chen S L, et al. Concentration and isotopic composition of carbonaceous components in PM2.5 during winter and summer in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(9):3424-3429.
[21]
吴丹,沈开源,盖鑫磊,等.南京北郊大气气溶胶中水溶性有机碳(WSOC)的污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(9):3237-3246.Wu D, Shen K Y, Ge X L, et al. Characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in atmospheric particulate matter at northern suburb of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(9):3237-3246.
[22]
吴奕霄,银燕,顾雪松,等.南京北郊大气气溶胶的吸湿性观测研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):1938-1949.Wu Y X, Yin Y, Gu X S, et al. An observational study of the hygroscopic properties of aerosols in north suburb of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(8):1938-1949.
[23]
Moore R H, Nenes A, Medina J. Scanning mobility CCN analysis-A method for fast measurements of size-resolved CCN distributions and activation kinetics[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2010, 44(10):861-871.
[24]
Petters M D, Kreidenweis S M. A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007,7(8):1961-1971.
[25]
Gunthe S, King S, Rose D, et al. Cloud condensation nuclei in pristine tropical rainforest air of Amazonia:Size-resolved measurements and modeling of atmospheric aerosol composition and CCN activity[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009,9:7551-7575.
[26]
桑建人,陶涛,岳岩裕,等.贺兰山两侧沙漠及污染城市CCN分布特征的观测研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012,32(2):484-490.Sang J R, Tao T, Yue Y Y, et al. Distribution of cloud condensation nuclei over desert and polluted city beside the Helan Mountains[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2012,32(2):484-490.
[27]
梁晓京,陈葆德,王晓峰.背景云凝结核对台风"莫拉克"降水微物理过程影响的数值研究[J]. 热带气象学报, 2013,29(5):833-840.Liang X J, Chen B D,Wang X F. A numerical study on background cloud condensation nuclei effects on precipitation's microphysics of typhoon morakot[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2013,29(5):833-840.
[28]
韩路杰.云凝结核对南京地区夏季不同降水过程影响的模拟研究[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学, 2018.Han L J. The impact of cloud condensation nuclei on different summer precipitation process in Nanjing:Numerical simulation[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2018.
[29]
Cubison M J, Ervens B, Feingold G, et al. The influence of chemical composition and mixing state of Los Angeles urban aerosol on CCN number and cloud properties[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008,8(18):5649-5667.
[30]
Gunthe S, Rose D, Su H, et al. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from fresh and aged air pollution in the megacity region of Beijing[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(21):11023-11039.
[31]
Ma Y, Li S, Zheng J, et al. Size-resolved measurements of mixing state and cloud-nucleating ability of aerosols in Nanjing, China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2017,122(17):9430-9450.
[32]
Kuwata M, Kondo Y, Miyazaki Y, et al. Cloud condensation nuclei activity at Jeju Island, Korea in spring 2005[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2007,7:15805-15851.
[33]
Fors E O, Swietlicki E, Svenningsson B, et al. Hygroscopic properties of the ambient aerosol in southern Sweden-a two year study[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011,11(16):8343-8361.
[34]
Paramonov M, Kerminen V M, Gysel M, et al. A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2015, 15(21):12211-12229.
[35]
Levin E J T, Prenni A J, Palm B B, et al. Size-resolved aerosol composition and its link to hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(5):23817-23843.
[36]
Almeida G, Brito J, Morales C A, et al. Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration in São Paulo, Brazil:the importance of aerosol size-resolved chemical composition on CCN concentration prediction[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(14):7559-7572.
[37]
Che H C, Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, et al. Characterization and parameterization of aerosol cloud condensation nuclei activation under different pollution conditions[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016,6:24497.
[38]
Zhang F, Li Y, Li Z, et al. Aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity during the AC3Exp campaign:implications for cloud condensation nuclei parameterization[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(24):13423-13437.
[39]
顾雪松.南方地区气溶胶吸湿增长与活化特性研究[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学, 2013.Gu X S. Observational study of size-resolved aerosol activation and hygroscopic properties in South China[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2013.
[40]
Liao T, Wang S, Ai J, et al. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017,584-585(15):1056-1065.
[41]
陈晨,胡敏,吴志军,等.四川乡村点新粒子生成特征及其对云凝结核数浓度的贡献[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(11):2764-2772.Chen C, Hu M, Wu Z J, et al. Characterization of new particle formation event in the rural site of Sichuan Basin and its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei[J]. China Environmental Science, 2014,34(11):2764-2772.
[42]
Leng C, Zhang Q, Zhang D, et al. Impacts of new particle formation on aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in Shanghai:case study[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(20):11353-11365.
[43]
吴志军,胡敏,岳玎利,等.重污染和新粒子生成过程中城市大气颗粒物数谱分布演变过程[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2011,41(8):1192-1199.Wu Z J, Hu M, Yue D L, et al. Evolution of particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 2011,41(8):1192-1199.
[44]
Ma N, Zhao C S, Tao J C, et al. Variation of CCN activity during new particle formation events in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016,16(13):1-25.