磷酸铁锂电池不同应用场景的生命周期评价

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摘要为评估磷酸铁锂(LFP)电池梯次应用的生命周期环境影响,设定直接应用和梯次应用2个应用场景,采用生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对应用场景生命周期各阶段的环境影响及其贡献进行分析.功能单位设定为应用总容量1GWh的LFP电池作为通讯基站(CBS)储能电池,循环寿命为800次.结果表明,2个应用场景的环境影响热点均为储能应用阶段,分别占总环境影响的58.25%和64.03%;生产制造阶段的环境影响也较为显著,分别占41.58%和27.36%;回收再生阶段分别贡献了0.18%和0.14%的环境负荷,锂资源回收所产生的环境效益被回收工艺过程额外消耗的资源和能源所产生的环境负荷抵消.2个应用场景的环境影响比较结果显示,相对于直接应用场景,梯次应用场景可降低9.03%的总环境影响,具有一定的环境优势.对2个场景的资源消耗、能源消耗和温室气体排放3类指标的贡献结构进行分析,结果显示,生产制造阶段和储能应用阶段对这3类指标的贡献比例较为显著.

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	贾志杰
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关键词 ：磷酸铁锂电池, 直接应用场景, 梯次应用场景, 通讯基站储能, 生命周期评价

Abstract：In order to evaluate environmental impact of cascade utilization fromlithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries,two utilization scenarios, direct utilization scenario and cascade utilization scenario, were set in this article. The environmental impact and contribution of each stage in both of utilization scenarios were analyzed based on life cycle assessment (LCA)methodology.With a life cycle of 800times, 1GWh LFP battery used in energy storage battery for the communication base station (CBS) was set as the function unit. The key points of environmental impact from the two utilization scenarios were the energy storage utilization stage, accounting for 58.25% and 64.03% of the total environmental impact respectively. The environmental impact from the manufacturing stage was also significant, accounting for 41.58% and 27.36%, respectively. The contribution to the total environmental loads from the recovery and regeneration stage was 0.18% and 0.14%, respectively. The environmental benefits fromthe lithium recycling were offset by the environmental loads fromthe additional resources and energy consumption initsrecycling process. The results from the comparing the environmental impactof the two utilization scenarios revealed that the cascade utilization scenario reduced the total environmental impact by9.03%, which is more environmentally friendly compared to the direct utilization scenario. Furthermore, the contribution structuresof the resource consumption, energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission in the two scenarios were analyzed. The results indicated that the manufacturing stage and the energy storage utilization stagecontributed significantly to these three indicators.

Key words： lithiumiron phosphate battery direct utilization scenario cascade utilization scenario communication base station energy storage life cycle assessment

收稿日期: 2021-09-20

PACS:

X820.3

基金资助:国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(51621003)

通讯作者: 高峰,教授,gaofeng@bjut.edu.cn E-mail: gaofeng@bjut.edu.cn

作者简介: 贾志杰(1997-),男,北京人,北京工业大学材料与制造学部硕士研究生,研究方向为材料生命周期评价与生态设计.

引用本文:

贾志杰, 高峰, 杜世伟, 孙博学. 磷酸铁锂电池不同应用场景的生命周期评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(4): 1975-1984. JIAZhi-jie, GAO Feng, DU Shi-wei, SUN Bo-xue. Life cycle assessment of lithium iron phosphate battery in different utilization scenarios. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(4): 1975-1984.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I4/1975

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