云南边境五城市空气污染物分布特征

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摘要利用2015~2021年云南省5个边境城市6种常规大气污染物的质量浓度数据,探究其污染特征、时空变化及空间异质性。结果表明,研究区域污染物年际浓度变化起伏较大,PM₁₀、PM_2.5年均浓度分别为(42.6±8.2),(25.4±4.2)µg/m³,均低于中国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级浓度限值。PM、NO₂和O_3-8h月均浓度呈U型变化趋势,其中3月份浓度最高。5个城市PM和NO₂浓度季节变化均表现为:春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,O_3-8h表现为:春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,而CO冬季污染程度最小,SO₂无明显的季节变化规律。根据Sen-MK的逐日浓度趋势分析,污染物总体呈现下降趋势,其中PM₁₀下降速率最高达11×10^-3µg/(m³×d),而O_3-8h呈现上升趋势。变异系数(COD)表明,污染物的空间分布极不均匀,特别是SO₂的COD均大于0.2,春季O_3-8h空间分布更加均匀。Person相关分析表明,PM与NO₂、CO、O_3-8h表现出较强的相关性,且西双版纳(BN)PM与其他大气污染物相关性较其他城市强。

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	郎丽君
	崔祥芬
	史建武
	黄建洪
	宁平
	郝吉明

关键词 ：空气污染物, 时空变化, Sen's slope, 异质性, 相关关系

Abstract：The pollution characteristics, spatiotemporal variation and spatial heterogeneity was explored based on ambient particulate matter (PM with diameter £2.5µm [PM_2.5], £10µm [PM₁₀]) and gaseous pollutants (Ozone [O₃], sulfur dioxide [SO₂], nitrogen dioxide [NO₂], carbon monoxide [CO]) data collected from 2015 to 2021 in five border cities of Yunnan province. Annual average concentrations of ambient air pollutants fluctuate enormously and that of PM₁₀ (42.6±8.2)µg/m³ and PM_2.5 (25.4±4.2)µg/m³ exceed the Grade Ⅱ limit value recommended the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB 3095-2012). The monthly average concentrations showed a U-shaped trend for PM, NO₂ and O_3-8h, and their concentrations peaked in March. PM and NO₂ concentrations followed a comparable seasonal pattern: spring>winter>autumn>summer. By contrast, seasonal average concentration of O_3-8h decreased as: spring>summer>autumn>winter and that of CO was the lowest in winter. In addition, SO₂ showed no obvious seasonal variation. Sen-MK results indicated a general trend of descending in daily average concentrations of ambient air pollutants and PM₁₀ had the highest decline rate at 11×10^-3µg/m³ per day, while an inverse trend of O_3-8h. The coefficient of variation (COD) revealed that the spatial distribution of ambient air pollutants is extremely uneven, especially for SO₂ with COD>0.2 but that of O_3-8h was more uniform in spring. Person correlation analysis supported a strong correlation between PM and NO₂, CO as well as O_3-8h, and correlations between PM and other pollutants are stronger in Xishuangbanna (BN) than other studied cities.

Key words： ambient air pollutants spatiotemporal variations Sen's slope heterogeneity person correlation

收稿日期: 2022-03-07

PACS:

X511

基金资助:国家地区基金资助项目(21966016)

通讯作者: 黄建洪,教授,huangjianhong78@163.com E-mail: huangjianhong78@163.com

作者简介: 郎丽君(1996-),女,云南昭通人,昆明理工大学硕士研究生,主要从事大气污染源解析。

引用本文:

郎丽君, 崔祥芬, 史建武, 黄建洪, 宁平, 郝吉明. 云南边境五城市空气污染物分布特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(11): 5008-5015. LANG Li-jun, CUI Xiang-fen, SHI Jian-wu, HUANG Jian-hong, NING Ping, HAO Ji-ming. Spatiotemporal characteristics of ambient air pollutants in five border cities of Yunnan province: variations. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(11): 5008-5015.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I11/5008

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