Abstract：In this paper, the color, composition and morphology of microplastics in atmospheric total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and dustfall samples from southern Urumqi were analyzed by using stereomicroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that microplastics of various shapes such as fibers, fragments and films were present in TSP and dustfall, and the fibrous (81.8% and 86.2%) and fragmented (56.3%~68.4%) microplastics were predominant in TSP and dustfall, respectively. The plastic components in TSP and dustfall were identified by FTIR to be mainly polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. SEM found that the surface of fibrous microplastics was smooth, with a few cracks and a small amount of debris distributed on it. The fragmented microplastics were curled and broken at the edges, with irregular shape and high degree of breakage, and a large amount of particles adhered to the surface. EDS analysis showed that the microplastics were dominated by C and O elements, and also contained Si, Na and Zn. The results can provide basic data support for further understanding of the atmospheric microplastic pollution in Urumqi.
张小慧, 迪丽努尔·塔力甫, 买里克扎提·买合木提, 刘会斌, 安菊琴, 蔡静波, 刘博文, 赵启隆. 乌鲁木齐南部大气及降尘中微塑料的形貌特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(12): 5542-5548.
ZHANG Xiao-hui, Dilinuer·Talifu, Mailikezhati·Maihemuti, LIU Hui-bin, AN Ju-qin, CAI Jing-bo, LIU Bo-wen, ZHAO Qi-long. Morphological characteristics of microplastics in the atmosphere and dustfall in southern Urumqi. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(12): 5542-5548.
Cooper D A, Corcoran P L. Effects of mechanical and chemical processes on the degradation of plastic beach debris on the island of Kauai, Hawaii[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2010,60(5):650-654.
[2]
Chen G, Feng Q, Wang J. Mini-review of microplastics in the atmosphere and their risks to humans[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,703:135504.
[3]
Zhou J, Chen H, Guo Y, et al. Changes in metal adsorption ability of microplastics upon loss of calcium carbonate filler masterbatch through natural aging[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 832:155142.
[4]
Mao R, Lang M, Yu X, et al. Aging mechanism of microplastics with UV irradiation and its effects on the adsorption of heavy metals[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020,393:122515.
[5]
Zhang Y, Kang S, Allen S, et al. Atmospheric microplastics:A review on current status and perspectives[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2020, 203:103118.
[6]
Yuan Z, Li H X, Lin L, et al. Occurrence and human exposure risks of atmospheric microplastics:A review[J]. Gondwana Research, 2022, 108:200-212.
[7]
Bergmann M, Mützel S, Primpke S, et al. White and wonderful? Microplastics prevail in snow from the Alps to the Arctic[J]. Science Advances, 2019,5(8):eaax1157.
[8]
Wang G, Lu J, Tong Y, et al. Occurrence and pollution characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,710:136099.
[9]
Dris R, Gasperi J, Saad M, et al. Synthetic fibers in atmospheric fallout:a source of microplastics in the environment?[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016,104(1/2):290-293.
[10]
Peters C A, Bratton S P. Urbanization is a major influence on microplastic ingestion by sunfish in the Brazos River Basin, Central Texas, USA[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,210:380-387.
[11]
Mohamed Nor N H, Kooi M, Diepens N J, et al. Lifetime accumulation of microplastic in children and adults[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021,55(8):5084-5096.
[12]
Prata J C. Airborne microplastics:consequences to human health?[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018,234:115-126.
[13]
Fang M, Lia Z, Ji X, et al. Microplastic ingestion from atmospheric deposition during dining/drinking activities[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,432:128674.
[14]
Gasperi J, Wright S L, Dris R, et al. Microplastics in air:are we breathing it in?[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2018,1:1-5.
[15]
Leslie H A, Van Velzen M J M, Brandsma S H, et al. Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood[J]. Environment International, 2022,163:107199.
[16]
Li J, Qu X, Su L, et al. Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016,214:177-184.
[17]
Wang D, Su L, Ruan H D, et al. Quantitative and qualitative determination of microplastics in oyster, seawater and sediment from the coastal areas in Zhuhai, China[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2021,164:112000.
[18]
He D, Luo Y, Lu S, et al. Microplastics in soils:Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2018,109:163-172.
[19]
Ren Z, Gui X, Xu X, et al. Microplastics in the soil-groundwater environment:aging, migration, and co-transport of contaminants-a critical review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021,419:126455.
[20]
Du C, Liang H, Li Z, et al. Pollution characteristics of microplastics in soils in southeastern suburbs of Baoding City, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020,17(3):845.
[21]
Dris R, Gasperi J, Mirande C, et al. A first overview of textile fibers, including microplastics, in indoor and outdoor environments[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,221:453-458.
[22]
Dris R, Gasperi J, Rocher V, et al. Microplastic contamination in an urban area:a case study in Greater Paris[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015,12(5):592-599.
[23]
Klein M, Fischer E K. Microplastic abundance in atmospheric deposition within the Metropolitan area of Hamburg, Germany[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,685:96-103.
[24]
Li Y, Shao L, Wang W, et al. Airborne fiber particles:types, size and concentration observed in Beijing[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,705:135967.
[25]
Cai L, Wang J, Peng J, et al. Characteristic of microplastics in the atmospheric fallout from Dongguan city, China:preliminary research and first evidence[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(32):24928-24935.
[26]
Liu K, Wang X, Fang T, et al. Source and potential risk assessment of suspended atmospheric microplastics in Shanghai[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,675:462-471.
[27]
Liu C, Li J, Zhang Y, et al. Widespread distribution of PET and PC microplastics in dust in urban China and their estimated human exposure[J]. Environment International, 2019,128:116-124.
[28]
Allen S, Allen D, Phoenix V R, et al. Atmospheric transport and deposition of microplastics in a remote mountain catchment[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2019,12(5):339-344.
[29]
Evangeliou N, Grythe H, Klimont Z, et al. Atmospheric transport is a major pathway of microplastics to remote regions[J]. Nature Communications, 2020,11(1):1-11.
[30]
Zhang Y, Gao T, Kang S, et al. Importance of atmospheric transport for microplastics deposited in remote areas[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,254:112953.
[31]
Dong H, Wang L, Wang X, et al. Microplastics in a Remote Lake Basin of the Tibetan Plateau:Impacts of Atmospheric Transport and Glacial Melting[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021, 55(19):12951-12960.
[32]
Huang Y, Liu Q, Jia W, et al. Agricultural plastic mulching as a source of microplastics in the terrestrial environment[J]. Environmental pollution, 2020,260:114096.
[33]
Li J, Peng D, Ouyang Z, et al. Occurrence status of microplastics in main agricultural areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,828:154259.
[34]
Li W, Wang S, Wufuer R, et al. Microplastic Contamination in Urban, Farmland and Desert Environments along a Highway in Southern Xinjiang, China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022,19(15):8890.
[35]
周帅,李伟轩,唐振平,等.气载微塑料的赋存特征,迁移规律与毒性效应研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(11):5027-5037. Zhou S, Li W X, Tang Z P, et al. Progress on the occurrence, migration and toxicity of airborne microplastics[J]. China Environmental Science[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(11):5027-5037.
[36]
朱宇恩,文瀚萱,李唐慧娴,等.汾河沿岸农田土壤微塑料分布特征及成因解析[J]. 环境科学, 2021,42(8):3894-3903. Zhu Y E, Wen H X, Li T H X, et al. Distribution and sources of microplastics in farmland soil along the Fenhe[J]. Environmental Science, 2021,42(8):3894-3903.
[37]
Frias J P, Otero V, Sobral P. Evidence of microplastics in samples of zooplankton from Portuguese coastal waters[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2014,95:89-95.
[38]
Dehghani S, Moore F, Akhbarizadeh R. Microplastic pollution in deposited urban dust, Tehran metropolis, Iran[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017,24(25):20360-20371.
[39]
田媛,涂晨,周倩,等.环渤海海岸大气微塑料污染时空分布特征与表面形貌[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020,40(4):1401-1409. Tian Y, Tu C, Zhou Q, et al. The temporal and spatial distribution and surface morphology of atmospheric microplastics around the Bohai Sea[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2020,40(4):1401-1409.
[40]
Akhbarizadeh R, Dobaradaran S, Torkmahalleh M A, et al. Suspended fine particulate matter (PM2.5), microplastics (MPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air:their possible relationships and health implications[J]. Environmental Research, 2021,192:110339.
[41]
Browne M A, Crump P, Niven S J, et al. Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines woldwide:sources and sinks[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(21):9175-9179.
[42]
Song Y K, Hong S H, Jang M, et al. Combined effects of UV exposure duration and mechanical abrasion on microplastic fragmentation by polymer type[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(8):4368-4376.
[43]
Halle L L, Palmqvist A, Kampmann K, et al. Ecotoxicology of micronized tire rubber:Past, present and future considerations[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,706:135694.
[44]
Mbachu O, Jenkins G, Pratt C, et al. A new contaminant superhighway? A review of sources, measurement techniques and fate of atmospheric microplastics[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2020,231(2):1-27.
[45]
Mehmood T, Peng L. Polyethylene scaffold net and synthetic grass fragmentation:a source of microplastics in the atmosphere?[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,429:128391.
[46]
Di M, Liu X, Wang W, et al. Manuscript prepared for submission to environmental toxicology and pharmacology pollution in drinking water source areas:microplastics in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2019,65:82-89.
[47]
Akanyange S N, Lyu X, Zhao X, et al. Does microplastic really represent a threat? A review of the atmospheric contamination sources and potential impacts[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 777:146020.
[48]
Shen M, Hu T, Huang W, et al. Can incineration completely eliminate plastic wastes? An investigation of microplastics and heavy metals in the bottom ash and fly ash from an incineration plant[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,779:146528.
[49]
Boucher C, Morin M, Bendell L. The influence of cosmetic microbeads on the sorptive behavior of cadmium and lead within intertidal sediments:A laboratory study[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2016,3:1-7.
[50]
Koelmans A A, Bakir A, Burton G A, et al. Microplastic as a vector for chemicals in the aquatic environment:critical review and model-supported reinterpretation of empirical studies[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016,50(7):3315-3326.
[51]
马思睿,李舒行,郭学涛.微塑料的老化特性,机制及其对污染物吸附影响的研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(9):3992-4003. Ma S R, Li S X, Guo X T. A review on aging characteristics, mechanism of microplastics and their effects on the adsorption behaviors of pollutants[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020, 40(9):3992-4003.
[52]
Ma J, Zhao J, Zhu Z, et al. Effect of microplastic size on the adsorption behavior and mechanism of triclosan on polyvinyl chloride[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019,254:113104.
[53]
Reisser J, Shaw J, Hallegraeff G, et al. Millimeter-sized marine plastics:a new pelagic habitat for microorganisms and invertebrates[J]. PloS one, 2014,9(6):e100289.
