汾渭平原至黄土高原不同海拔高度地区近地面臭氧浓度差异

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (2677 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要利用2017~2019年中国生态环境监测总站逐小时地面臭氧(O₃)和二氧化氮(NO₂)数据, 结合再分析气象数据集,分析了从汾渭平原至黄土高原三个不同海拔高度的典型城市郊区(西安:500m、榆林:1100m和鄂尔多斯:1300m)O₃浓度的季-月-日变化特征,以及导致三地O₃浓度差异可能的化学和气象成因.结果表明:与其他季节比较,夏季三地的O₃浓度都较高且差值较小,其中西安昼间O₃的净增量最大、夜间净减量也最大且前体物NO₂浓度最高,说明西安夏季白天O₃光化学反应最强烈、夜间NO滴定O₃效应也最强,榆林其次、鄂尔多斯最弱;冬季三地的O₃浓度都较低且差异较大,其中西安最低、鄂尔多斯最高,可能是由于冬季白天光化学反应都弱、夜间NO滴定O₃效应差异和高海拔地区背景O₃浓度高共同导致的,反映了三地O₃浓度水平差异不仅受不同NO_x水平下局地化学作用影响,还由区域背景值决定.分析还发现,高海拔的鄂尔多斯和榆林二地O₃浓度在上午升高的速率快于西安,与二地边界层向上发展的速率一致,可能是由于此时的夹卷效应将高海拔自由对流层的高背景O₃向下湍流输送所致.在每个季节雨天夜间,三地的O₃浓度均高于其阴、晴天,但是这一差异在西安较弱,而在榆林和鄂尔多斯较强,这进一步意指高海拔地区近地面O₃在雨天夜间更强烈地受到高浓度背景O₃的影响,一方面是通过降水的拖曳作用,另一方面是因为雨天夜间NO的滴定作用减弱.本研究通过长期观测资料分析,推测了不同海拔高度对近地面O₃的影响机制,还需在更多地区进行分析和利用模式开展验证.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	钱朋
	朱彬
	刘慧敏
	蒋伊蓉
	张建康
	高美美
	康磊

关键词 ： O₃, NO₂, 海拔高度, 光化学反应, 夹卷, 背景浓度

Abstract：Using the hourly dataset of ground-level ozone (O₃) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) collected by the General Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station of China from 2017 to 2019, combined with reanalysis of meteorological datasets, we analyze the O₃ concentrations characteristics in seasonal, monthly and diurnal scales in typical suburban areas (Xi'an, 500m; Yulin, 1100m and Ordos, 1300m above sea level) at three different altitudes from the Fenwei Plain to the Loess Plateau. The potential chemical and meteorological causes of the differences in O₃ concentrations at the three locations are also conducted. The results show that the O₃ concentrations are high at all three sites with less differences of concentrations in summer. In Xi'an, the net O₃ increase in daytime, the net decrease in nighttime and the NO₂ concentrations (one of the precursors of O₃) are the highest among the three sites in summer, indicating that O₃ photochemical production in daytime and the NO titration O₃ effect in nighttime are the strongest in Xi'an, followed by Yulin and Ordos. In winter, O₃ concentrations in all three sites are low and the lowest in Xi'an and the highest in Erdos, with large differences. This may be due to the combination effect of weak photochemical reactions in daytime, differences in NO titration O₃ effects at night and background O₃ concentrations at different altitudes, reflecting that the O₃ concentration levels at the three sites are not only dominant by local chemistry at different NO_x levels, but also determined by regional background values. The study also reveals that O₃ concentrations in Ordos and Yulin (at the higher altitudes) increase faster in the morning than in Xi'an, consistent with the faster upward increase of the boundary layer height in two sites in the morning, which could be caused by the entrainment effect, downward transport high background O₃ from free troposphere to the surface by turbulence at this period. During the rainy night in each season, O₃ concentrations in all three sites are higher than those on cloudy and sunny days, with a small difference in Xi'an and significant differences in Yulin and Ordos, which further implies that O₃ concentrations at sites with high altitudes could be influenced strongly by high background O₃ concentrations, partly through the dragging effect of precipitation, and partly because of the weakened titration of NO at night on rainy days. In this study, the hypothesis of the altitude impact on surface O₃ has been proposed through the analysis of long-term observations, which also needs validate by model simulations in widely regions.

Key words： O₃ NO₂ altitude photochemical reaction entrainment background concentration

收稿日期: 2022-05-26

PACS:

X511

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(92044302),陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室2020年面上项目(2020G-5),榆林市科技局2020年技术研发项目(YF-2020-030)

通讯作者: 朱彬,教授,binzhu@nuist.edu.cn;刘慧敏,高级工程师,jianjia8761@126.com E-mail: binzhu@nuist.edu.cn;jianjia8761@126.com

作者简介: 钱朋(1999-),男,江苏扬州人,硕士研究生,主要从事大气污染化学的研究.

引用本文:

钱朋, 朱彬, 刘慧敏, 蒋伊蓉, 张建康, 高美美, 康磊. 汾渭平原至黄土高原不同海拔高度地区近地面臭氧浓度差异[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(1): 77-87. QIAN peng, ZHU Bin, LIU Hui-min, JIANG Yi-rong, ZHANG Jian-kang, GAO Mei-mei, KANG lei. Analysis on the difference of near-surface ozone concentration between the Fenwei Plain and the Loess Plateau at different altitudes. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(1): 77-87.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I1/77

[1]	曾贤刚,阮芳芳,姜艺婧.中国臭氧污染的空间分布和健康效应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(9):4025-4032. Zeng X G, Ruan F F, Jiang Y J. Spatial distribution and health effects of ozone pollution in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(9):4025-4032.
[2]	Huang J, Li G X, Xu G Z, et al. The burden of ozone pollution on years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a city of Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Environ. Pollut., 2018,242(8):1266-1273.
[3]	Zhang Y Q, Shindell D, Seltzer K, et al. Impacts of emission changes in China from 2010 to 2017 on domestic and intercontinental air quality and health effect[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2021,21(20):16051- 16065.
[4]	Lu X, Zhang L, Wang X, et al. Rapid increases in warm- season surface ozone and resulting health impact in China since 2013[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2020,7(4):240-247.
[5]	刘楚薇,连鑫博,黄建平.我国臭氧污染时空分布及其成因研究进展[J]. 干旱气象, 2020,38(3):355-361. Liu C W, Lian X B, Huang, J P. Research progress on the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone pollution and its causes in China[J]. Arid Meteorology, 2020,38(3):355-361.
[6]	Wang T, Ding A J, Gao J, et al. Strong ozone production in urban plumes from Beijing, China[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2006,33(21):L21806.
[7]	Zong R, Yang X, Wen L, et al. Strong ozone production at a rural site in the North China Plain:Mixed effects of urban plumes and biogenic emissions[J]. J. Environ. Sci., 2018,71(5):261-270.
[8]	Sun J, Shen Z, Wang R, et al. A comprehensive study on ozone pollution in a megacity in North China Plain during summertime:Observations, source attributions and ozone sensitivity[J]. Environ. Int., 2021,146(1):106279.
[9]	颜鹏,李兴生,罗超,等.我国地面O3、NOx、SO2背景值的观测研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 1997,8(1):53-63. Yan P, Li X S, Luo C, et al. Observations on the background values of O3, NOx and SO2 at ground level in China[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1997,8(1):53-63.
[10]	Ding A J, Wang T, Thouret V, et al. Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing:analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2008,8(1):1-13.
[11]	Lu X, Zhang L, Chen Y F, et al. Exploring 2016-2017 surface ozone pollution over China:source contributions and meteorological influences[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2019,19(12):8339-8361.
[12]	Zhao Z J, Wang Y X. Influence of the West Pacific subtropical high on surface ozone daily variability in summertime over eastern China[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2017,170:197-204.
[13]	刘宁微,李晓岚,任万辉,等.东亚夏季风对中国东部臭氧输送过程的影响[J]. 大气科学学报, 2021,44(2):261-269. Liu N W, Li X L, Ren W F, et al. Influence of East Asian summer winds on ozone transport processes in eastern China[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2021,44(2):261-269.
[14]	Zhu B, Hou X W, Kang H Q. Analysis of the seasonal ozone budget and the impact of the summer monsoon on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2016,121(4):2029-2042.
[15]	Ding A J, Wang T. Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange on the seasonal cycle of surface ozone at Mount Waliguan in western China[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006,33(3):L03803.
[16]	Xu W Y, Xu X B, Lin M Y, et al. Long-term trends of surface ozone and its influencing factors at the Mt Waliguan GAW station, China-Part 2:The roles of anthropogenic emissions and climate variability[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2018,18(2):773-798.
[17]	Tang G Q, Liu Y T, Huang X, et al. Aggravated ozone pollution in the strong free convection boundary layer[J]. Sci. Total. Environ., 2021, 788(9):147740.
[18]	戚慧雯,包云轩,黄建平,等.夹卷对郊外大气边界层内臭氧影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 热带气象学报, 2018,34(5):713-720. Qi H W, Bao Y X, Huang J P, et al. Numerical simulation study on the effect of entrainment on ozone in the suburban atmospheric boundary layer[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 2018,34(5):713-720.
[19]	Li J, Wang Z, Akimoto H, et al. Near-ground ozone source attributions and outflow in central eastern China during MTX2006[J]. Atmos Chem. Phys., 2008,8(24):7335-7351.
[20]	Wang Z F, Li J, Wang X Q, et al. Modeling of regional high ozone episode observed at two mountain sites (Mt. Tai and Huang) in East China[J]. J. Atmos. Chem., 2006,55(3):253-272.
[21]	Kumar R, Naja M, Venkataramani S, et al. Variations in surface ozone at Nainital:A high-altitude site in the central Himalayas[J]. J Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2010,115(D16):302.
[22]	Pochanart P, Kato S, Katsuno T, et al. Eurasian continental background and regionally polluted levels of ozone and CO observed in northeast Asia[J]. Atmos Environ, 2004,38(9):1325-1336.
[23]	Vingarzan R. A review of surface ozone background levels and trends[J]. Atmos Environ, 2004,38(21):3431-3442.
[24]	Jaffe D A, Parrish D, Goldstein A, et al. Increasing background ozone during spring on the west coast of North America[J]. Geophys. Res. Letts., 2003,30(12):1613.
[25]	Bonasoni P, Stohl A, Cristofanelli P, et al. Background ozone variations at Mt. Cimone Station[J]. Atmos Environ, 2000,34(29/30):5183-5189.
[26]	Shin H, Cho K, Han J, et al. The effects of precursor emission and background concentration changes on the surface ozone concentration over Korea[J]. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 2012,12(1):93-103.
[27]	林奕夫,郑书生.基于正态分布规则的时间差数据清洗算法[J]. 电子技术与软件工程, 2021,(24):194-196. Lin Y F, Zheng S S. Time difference data cleaning algorithm based on normal distribution rules[J]. Electronic Technology and Software Engineering, 2021,(24):194-196.
[28]	Feng S, Hu Q, Qian W H. Quality control of daily meteorological data in China, 1951~2000:A new dataset[J]. Int. J. Climatol., 2004,24(7):853-870.
[29]	唐孝炎.大气环境化学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 1990. Tang X Y. Atmospheric environmental chemistry[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 1990.
[30]	Yao B, Teng S W, Lai R Z, et al. Can atmospheric reanalyses (CRA and ERA5) represent cloud spatiotemporal characteristics?[J]. Atmos. Res., 2020,244(11):105091.
[31]	Liu X H, Zhu B, Zhu T, et al. The seesaw pattern of PM2.5 interannual anomalies between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Delta across eastern China in winter[J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2022,49(2):e2021GL095878.
[32]	Ao X Y, Grimmond C S B, Liu D W, et al. Radiation Fluxes in a Business District of Shanghai, China[J]. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 2016,55(11):2451-2468.
[33]	南国卫,孙虎.基于灰色关联模型对陕西省O3浓度影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(12):4519-4527. Nan G W, Sun H. Analysis of factors influencing O3 concentration in Shaanxi Province based on grey correlation model[J]. Journal of Environmental Science, 2017,37(12):4519-4527.
[34]	Logan A Z. Tropospheric ozone:Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence[J]. J Geophys Res, 1985,90(D6):10463-10482.
[35]	Talbot R, Mao H T, Sive B. Diurnal characteristics of surface level O3 and other important trace gases in New England[J]. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2005,110(D9):D09307.
[36]	贝耐芳,冯添,吴佳睿,等.西安地区夏季臭氧的模拟研究[J]. 地球环境学报, 2017,8(6):552-567. Bei N F, Feng T, Wu J R, et al. Simulation of summer ozone in Xi'an[J]. Journal of Earth Environment, 2017,8(6):552-567.
[37]	Yin M F, Zhang X, Li Y F, et al. Ambient ozone pollution at a coal chemical industry city in the border of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert:characteristics, sensitivity analysis and control strategies[J]. PeerJ, 2021,9:e11322.
[38]	Brönnimann S, Schuepbach E, Zanis P, et al. A climatology of regional background ozone at different elevations in Switzerland (1992~1998)[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2000,34(29):5191-5198.
[39]	苗世光,蒋维楣,李昕,等.对流边界层大涡模式的改进及对夹卷速度的研究[J]. 大气科学, 2001,25(1):25-37. Miao S G, Jiang W F, Li X, et al. Improvement of the large vortex model in the convective boundary layer and study of the entrainment velocity[J]. Atmospheric Science, 2001,25(1):25-37.
[40]	Guo J P, Miao Y C, Zhang Y, et al. The climatology of planetary boundary layer height in China derived from radiosonde and reanalysis data[J]. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2016,16(20):13309-13319.
[41]	李倩惠,张宏升,鞠婷婷,等.华北北部半干旱地区夏季大气边界层特征的实验研究[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2020,56(2):215-222. Li Q H, Zhang H S, Ju T T, et al. Experimental study on the characteristics of the summer atmospheric boundary layer in the semi-arid region of northern China[J]. Journal of Peking University (Natural Science Edition), 2020,56(2):215-222.
[42]	Kuerban M, Waili Y, Fan F, et al. Spatio-temporal patterns of air pollution in China from 2015 to 2018 and implications for health risks[J]. Environ. Pollut., 2019,258:113659.
[43]	Wang M, Tang G Q, Liu Y S, et al. The difference in the boundary layer height between urban and suburban areas in Beijing and its implications for air pollution[J]. Atmos. Environ., 2021,260:118552.
[44]	Martin A. Estimated washout coefficients for sulphur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone[J]. Atmos. Environ., 1984,18(9):1955-1961.