Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of rare earth elements in vertical profiles of paddy soils — Based on Strontium and neodymium isotope tracing combined with MixSIAR model
CAO Jie1, YAN Yu1, YU Rui-lian1, WEN Bo-sen1, HU Gong-ren1,2, CUI Jian-yong3, YAN Yan3, HUANG Hua-bin2
1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen 361021, China; 3. Center of Analysis, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
Abstract：To investigate the sources and ecological risks of rare earth elements in vertical profiles of paddy soils, soil samples from three vertical profiles of paddy soils in southeastern Fujian Province and the surrounding potential sources were collected, and the rare earth element contents and strontium-neodymium isotopic compositions in these samples were determined. The source identification was firstly performed based on rare earth element contents and geochemical characteristics of vertical profile soils and potential sources. The source contribution was then quantified by using strontium-neodymium isotopes in combination with the MixSIAR model. Finally, the contribution of potential sources to the integrated potential ecological risks of rare earth elements in the vertical profile soils were evaluated by the combined results of ecological risk assessment and MixSIAR model. The results showed that rare earth elements in the P1 vertical profile soils were mainly originated from the soil parent material, and rare earth elements reached the medium ecological risk level. Rare earth elements in the P2 vertical profile soils were influenced by chemical fertilizers, and the ecological risks of rare earth elements in the shallow soil were greater than those in the deep soil. Rare earth elements in the P3 vertical profile soils were influenced by combination factors, and the ecological risks of rare earth elements were smaller. The ecological risks of rare earth elements in vertical profile soils were influenced by human factors while natural sources cannot be ignored.
曹劼, 闫钰, 于瑞莲, 翁铂森, 胡恭任, 崔建勇, 颜妍, 黄华斌. 水稻田垂直剖面土壤稀土元素来源解析及生态风险评价——基于锶钕同位素示踪结合MixSIAR模型[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 3002-3012.
CAO Jie, YAN Yu, YU Rui-lian, WEN Bo-sen, HU Gong-ren, CUI Jian-yong, YAN Yan, HUANG Hua-bin. Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of rare earth elements in vertical profiles of paddy soils — Based on Strontium and neodymium isotope tracing combined with MixSIAR model. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(6): 3002-3012.
Zhuang M, Zhao J, Li S, et al. Concentrations and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in vegetables from mining area in Shandong, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017,168:578-582.
[2]
郗秀平,赵述华,杨 坤,等.深圳土壤稀土元素的背景含量和影响因素研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(5):2362-2373. Xi X P, Zhao S H, Yang K, et al. The background concentration of rare earth element and its impact factor in soil of Shenzhen City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(5):2362-2373.
[3]
Yan Y, Yu R, Hu G, et al. Characteristics and provenances of rare earth elements in the atmospheric particles of a coastal city with large-scale optoelectronic industries[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2019,214:116836.
[4]
Balaram V. Rare earth elements:A review of applications, occurrence, exploration, analysis, recycling, and environmental impact[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2019,10(4):1285-1303.
[5]
Gonzalez V, Vignati D A L, Leyval C, et al. Environmental fate and ecotoxicity of lanthanides:Are they a uniform group beyond chemistry?[J]. Environment International, 2014,71:148-157.
[6]
El Zrelli R, Baliteau J Y, Yacoubi L, et al. Rare earth elements characterization associated to the phosphate fertilizer plants of Gabes (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean Sea):Geochemical properties and behavior, related economic losses, and potential hazards[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,791:148268.
[7]
Gwenzi W, Mangori L, Danha C, et al. Sources, behaviour, and environmental and human health risks of high-technology rare earth elements as emerging contaminants[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,636:299-313.
[8]
Liu Y, Wu Q, Jia H, et al. Anthropogenic rare earth elements in urban lakes:Their spatial distributions and tracing application[J]. Chemosphere, 2022,300:134534.
[9]
苏 鹏,陆达伟,杨学志,等.非传统稳定同位素在大气颗粒物溯源中的应用[J]. 中国科学:化学, 2018,48(10):1163-1170. Su P, Lu D W, Yang X Z, et al. Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in source tracing of airborne particulate matter[J]. Scientia Sinica Chimica, 2018,48(10):1163-1170.
[10]
Yan Y, Zheng Q, Yu R, et al. Characteristics and provenance implications of rare earth elements and Sr-Nd isotopes in PM2.5 aerosols and PM2.5 fugitive dusts from an inland city of southeastern China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020,220:117069.
[11]
Wu W, Qu S, Nel W, et al. Tracing and quantifying the sources of heavy metals in the upper and middle reaches of the Pearl River Basin:New insights from Sr-Nd-Pb multi-isotopic systems[J]. Chemosphere, 2022,288:132630.
[12]
Castorina F, Masi U, Gorello I. Rare earth element and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for the origin of fluorite from the Silius vein deposit (southeastern Sardinia, Italy)[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2020,215:106535.
[13]
Wang Y, Wu L, Hu W, et al. Stable iron isotopic composition of atmospheric aerosols:An overview[J]. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2022,5(1):75.
[14]
He S, Li P Y, Su F M, et al. Identification and apportionment of shallow groundwater nitrate pollution in Weining Plain, northwest China, using hydrochemical indices, nitrate stable isotopes, and the new Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR)[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,298:118852.
[15]
Torres-Martinez J A, Mora A, Mahlknecht J, et al. Estimation of nitrate pollution sources and transformations in groundwater of an intensive livestock-agricultural area (Comarca Lagunera), combining major ions, stable isotopes and MixSIAR model[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,269:115445.
[16]
Mao H, Wang C, Qu S, et al. Source and evolution of sulfate in the multi-layer groundwater system in an abandoned mine-Insight from stable isotopes and Bayesian isotope mixing model[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,859:160368.
[17]
Wang Y, Li Y, Yang S, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals:A new quantitative framework coupling receptor model and stable isotopic ratios[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2022,314:120291.
[18]
Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach[J]. Water Research, 1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19]
Chen H, Chen Z, Chen Z, et al. Calculation of toxicity coefficient of potential ecological risk assessment of rare earth elements[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2020,104(5):582-587.
[20]
王 哲,赵莹晨,骆逸飞,等.内蒙古白云鄂博矿区土壤稀土元素污染特征及评价[J]. 环境科学, 2021,42(3):1503-1513. Wang Z, Zhao Y C, Luo Y F, et al. Characteristics and Evaluation of Soil Rare Earth Element Pollution in the Bayan Obo Mining Region of Inner Mongolia[J]. Environmental Science, 2021,42(3):1503-1513.
[21]
雷成琦,钟 山,张漓杉,等.浙江某垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤中稀土元素分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2022,41(5):1629-1638. Lei C Q, Zhong S, Zhang L S, et al. Spatial distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of rare earth elements in soil surrounding a waste incineration plant in Zhejiang[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2022,41(5):1629-1638.
[22]
de Freitas T O P, Pedreira R M A, Hatje V. Distribution and fractionation of rare earth elements in sediments and mangrove soil profiles across an estuarine gradient[J]. Chemosphere, 2021,264:1284311.
[23]
Naccarato A, Tassone A, Cavaliere F, et al. Agrochemical treatments as a source of heavy metals and rare earth elements in agricultural soils and bioaccumulation in ground beetles[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,749:141438.
[24]
Guenet H, Demangeat E, Davranche M, et al. Experimental evidence of REE size fraction redistribution during redox variation in wetland soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,631-632:580-588.
[25]
张 倩,韩贵琳.九龙江流域土壤稀土元素分布特征及控制因素[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2022,31(7):1494-1502. Zhang Q, Han G L. Distribution and controlling factors of soil rare earth elements in Jiulongjiang river catchment[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022,31(7):1494-1502.
[26]
Huang H, Lin C, Yu R, et al. Spatial distribution and source appointment of rare earth elements in paddy soils of Jiulong River Basin, Southeast China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 200:213-220.
[27]
HJ/T 166-2004 土壤环境监测技术规范[S]. HJ/T 166-2004 The technical specification for soil environmental monitoring[S].
[28]
Su K, Wei D, Lin W. Influencing factors and spatial patterns of energy-related carbon emissions at the city-scale in Fujian province, Southeastern China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020,244:118840.
[29]
Galhardi J A, Leles B P, de Mello J W V, et al. Bioavailability of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) from the tropical soils of a coal mining area[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020,717:134484.
[30]
胡恭任,于瑞莲,郑志敏.铅稳定同位素在沉积物重金属污染溯源中的应用[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013,33(5):1326-1331. Hu G R, Yu R L, Zheng Z M. Application of stable lead isotopes in tracing heavy-metal pollution sources in the sediments[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,33(5):1326-1331.
[31]
Lü Q, Xiao Q, Guo Y, et al. Pollution monitoring, risk assessment and target remediation of heavy metals in rice from a five-year investigation in Western Fujian region, China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022,424:127551.
[32]
GB/T14506.30-2010 硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法 第30部分:44个元素量测定[S]. GB/T14506.30-2010 Methods for chemical analysis of silicate rocks-Part 30:Determination of 44 elements[S].
[33]
GB/T 17672-1999 岩石中铅、锶、钕同位素测定方法[S]. GB/T 17672-1999 Determinations for isotopes of lead、strontium and neodymium in rock samples[S].
[34]
Masuda A, Nakamura N, Tanaka T. Fine structures of mutually normalized rare-earth patterns of chondrites[J]. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 1973,37(2):239-248.
[35]
陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J]. 环境科学, 1992,13(4):70-75. Chen Z J, Chen C X, Liu Y Q, et al. Study on soil environmental background values in Fujian Province[J] Environmental Science, 1992,13(4):70-75.
[36]
魏复盛,刘廷良,滕恩江,等.我国土壤中稀土元素背景值特征[J]. 环境科学, 1991,12(5):78-82. Wei F S, Liu T L, Teng E J, et al. A survey on the background content of 15rare earth elements in Chinese soil[J]. Environmental Science, 1991,12(5):78-80.
[37]
李宏薇,尚二萍,张红旗,等.耕地土壤重金属污染时空变异对比——以黄淮海平原和长江中游及江淮地区为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(9):3464-3473. Li H W, Shang E P, Zhang H Q, et al. Comparative research on spatio-temporal variability of heavy metal pollution in cultivated soils-A case study of Huang Huai-Hai Plain and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Jianghuai Region[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(9):3464-3473.
[38]
Gallet S, Jahn B, Torii M. Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications[J]. Chemical Geology, 1996,133(1):67-88.
[39]
卞 凯,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.安溪铁观音茶园垂直剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征[J]. 地球与环境, 2017,45(2):145-150. Bian K, Yu R L, Hu G R, et al. Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in the vertical profile of soil of the tea garden in Anxi Area, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017,45(2):145-150.
[40]
吴国强,汪 涛,张永生,等.燃煤电厂煤及其燃烧产物中稀土元素富集规律研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020,40(6):1963-1972. Wu G Q, Wang T, Zhang Y S, et al. Study on the enrichment of rare earth elements between coals and their by-products at coal-fired power plants[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2020,40(6):1963-1972.
[41]
Deng F, Hellmann S, Zimmermann T, et al. Using Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systems to trace sources of sediment and trace metals to the Weser River system (Germany) and assessment of input to the North Sea[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,791:148127.
