典型黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积对土壤微生物养分限制的影响

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摘要在典型黑土区黑龙江省克山县选取开垦百年坡耕地,采用²¹⁰Pb_ex示踪技术估算坡面侵蚀-沉积速率,并划分土壤侵蚀强度等级[包括沉积(DS)、轻度侵蚀(LE)、中度侵蚀(ME)、强烈侵蚀(IE)和极强烈侵蚀(SE)],对比不同土壤侵蚀强度等级下土壤碳氮磷含量、微生物生物量和酶活性的差异,通过酶计量矢量模型量化土壤微生物养分限制对土壤侵蚀-沉积的响应.结果表明:坡耕地土壤侵蚀-沉积速率变化于-782.7~10914.5t/(km²·a)之间,其平均侵蚀速率为3507.6t/(km²·a);土壤LE和ME主要发生在坡上部和沉积部位周围,IE和SE主要发生在坡中部,而DS主要位于坡脚.土壤碳氮磷含量和微生物生物量总体随土壤侵蚀强度等级增加而降低.土壤碳获取酶活性(BG+CBH)和氮获取酶活性(NAG+LAP)在坡面DS部位最高;而土壤磷获取酶活性(ACP)在坡面SE部位最高.酶计量矢量模型表明土壤微生物受到相对碳和磷限制;土壤微生物相对碳限制随土壤侵蚀速率的增加和沉积速率的降低呈线性下降趋势,而土壤微生物相对磷限制则随土壤侵蚀速率的增加和沉积速率的降低呈线性增加趋势,表明土壤微生物受到土壤磷素的限制作用相对突出.土壤养分含量和微生物生物量解释了坡面不同土壤侵蚀强度等级下土壤酶活性和微生物养分限制变化的60.1%,其中土壤有机碳(SOC)含量在条件效应下的解释度最高,其解释度为17.4%.总之,土壤侵蚀-沉积对土壤质量的影响是土壤性质和微生物养分限制共同作用的结果.

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	莫帅豪
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	胡文韬
	张加琼

关键词 ：黑土, 土壤侵蚀-沉积, 土壤酶活性, 土壤微生物养分限制

Abstract：A typical sloping cropland with a hundred-year cultivation in Keshan County of Heilongjiang Province was selected and soil erosion-deposition ratesestimated by ²¹⁰Pb_ex tracer technique were used to classify soil erosion intensity grades [including deposition (DS), light erosion (LE), moderate erosion (ME), intense erosion (IE) and severe erosion(SE)] in this study. Then differences of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus contents, microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities among soil erosion intensity grades were investigated and effects of soil erosion-deposition on soil microbial nutrient limitations based on vector model of enzymatic stoichiometry were assessed. The results were as follows: soil erosion-deposition rates ranged from -782.7 to 10914.5t/(km²·a), with an average of 3507.6t/(km²·a); sloping spatial distribution patterns of soil erosion-deposition displayed that the LE and ME were mainly found at the upper slope positions and nearby the deposition sites, the IE and SE were mainly observed at the middle slope positions, and the DS was mainly located at the slope toe. Soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus contents and microbial biomass generally decreased with an increase in soil erosion intensity grade. The activities of soil carbon acquiring enzyme (BG+CBH) and nitrogen acquiring enzyme (NAG+LAP) were the highest at the DS sites, while soil phosphorus acquiring enzyme activities (ACP) was the highest at the SE sites. Soil microorganisms were co-limited by relative carbon and phosphorus using the vector model of enzymatic stoichiometry; soil microbial relative carbon limitation indicated by the vector length(VL) decreased linearly with an increase in soil erosion rates and a decrease in soil deposition rates, whereas its relative phosphorus limitation indicated by the vector angle(VA) increased linearly, which indicated that soil microorganisms were relatively prominent restricted by soil phosphorus in the study area. The variations of soil enzyme activities and microbial nutrient limitations at different soil erosion intensity grades were contributed 60.1% by soil nutrient contents and microbial biomass, in which soil organic presented the highest explanation under the conditional effect with 17.4%. Overall, the impacts of soil erosion and deposition on soil quality were caused by corporate influences of soil properties and microbial nutrient limitations.

Key words： Mollisol soil erosion-deposition soil enzyme activity soil microbial nutrient limitation

收稿日期: 2022-10-08

PACS:

X172

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500102);中国科学院战略性先导科技项目(A类)黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010201)

通讯作者: 郑粉莉,教授,flzh@ms.iswc.ac.cn E-mail: flzh@ms.iswc.ac.cn

作者简介: 莫帅豪(1997-),男,山西长治人,西北农林科技大学硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀退化评价研究.moshuaihao@163.com

引用本文:

莫帅豪, 王雪松, 郑粉莉, 秦琪珊, 王一菲, 安小兵, 王伦, 胡文韬, 张加琼. 典型黑土区坡面侵蚀-沉积对土壤微生物养分限制的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(6): 3023-3033. MO Shuai-hao, WANG Xue-song, ZHENG Fen-li, QIN Qi-shan, WANG Yi-fei, AN Xiao-bing, WANG Lun, HU Wen-tao, ZHANG Jia-qiong. Effects of slope erosion-deposition on soil microbial nutrient limitation in the typical Mollisol region of Northeast China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(6): 3023-3033.

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