澜沧江梯级水库沉积物磷形态特征及释放风险

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摘要为阐明深水水库沉积物磷赋存形态的空间分布特征和潜在的释放风险,对澜沧江中下游4座梯级水库(功果桥、小湾、漫湾和糯扎渡)的沉积物和上覆水理化性质进行了研究.结果表明,各水库沉积物总磷(TP)含量变化范围在266.66~842.87mg/kg之间,平均为533.18mg/kg.各水库沉积物有机磷(OP)变化特征表现为功果桥水库沉积物OP以生物可利用OP为主过渡到其他水库以残渣磷为主.各水库沉积物无机磷(IP)分布特征表现为生物可利用IP由上游到下游逐渐增加,环境条件有利于下游水库生物可利用IP的形成.相关性分析表明,有机质和上覆水体环境因子是影响沉积物磷形态分布的重要因素.通过对各水库沉积物-水界面正磷酸盐(PO₄^3--P)浓度分析得知,孔隙水PO₄^3--P浓度范围在0.017~0.258mg/L之间,上覆水PO₄^3--P浓度范围在0.015~0.055mg/L之间,PO₄^3--P均是由孔隙水向上覆水进行扩散,其释放通量范围为0.010~0.116mg/(m²·d).季节性缺氧和区域沉积作用使下游水库存在较大的PO₄^3--P释放风险.

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	孙猛
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	李姗泽
	温洁
	张迪

关键词 ：澜沧江, 沉积物, 磷形态, 释放风险

Abstract：The physical and chemical properties of sediments and overlying water were studied to elucidate the spatial distribution characteristics and potential release risk of phosphorus fractions in four cascade reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River. The results showed that the total phosphorus content in the sediment of each reservoir varied from 266.66mg/kg to 842.87mg/kg, with an average of 533.18mg/kg. The spatial distribution of organic phosphorus (OP) fraction exhibited that sediment of Gongguoqiao Reservoir was mainly composed of bioavailable OP, while the OP fractions in other reservoirs was mainly composed of Residual OP. The correlation analysis showed that organic matter and environmental factors of overlying water were the important factors affecting the distribution of phosphorus fractions in sediments. The analysis of orthophosphate (PO₄^3--P) concentration at the sediment-water interface indicated that the PO₄^3--P concentration of pore water ranged from 0.017 to 0.258mg/L and the PO₄^3--P concentration of overlying water ranged from 0.015 to 0.055mg/L. The sediments acted as the P source to the overlying water, which ranged from 0.010 to 0.116mg/(m²·d). Seasonal hypoxia and regional sedimentation might lead to a large risk of PO₄^3--P release in the downstream reservoir.

Key words： Lancang River sediment phosphorus fractions release risk

收稿日期: 2022-11-28

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U1802241,92047204,U2040211);云南省重点研发计划项目(202203AA080009)

通讯作者: 包宇飞,高级工程师,baoyf@iwhr.com;王雨春,正高级工程师,wangyc@iwhr.com E-mail: baoyf@iwhr.com;wangyc@iwhr.com

作者简介: 孙猛(1998-),男,内蒙古赤峰人,中国地质大学(北京)硕士研究生,主要研究方向为资源与环境.发表论文1篇.2272496550@qq.com

引用本文:

孙猛, 包宇飞, 王雨春, 胡明明, 李姗泽, 温洁, 张迪. 澜沧江梯级水库沉积物磷形态特征及释放风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3634-3643. SUN Meng, BAO Yu-fei, WANG Yu-chun, HU Ming-ming, LI Shan-ze, WEN Jie, ZHANG Di. Characteristics of phosphorus fractions distribution and release risk of sediment in the cascade reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of Lancang River. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3634-3643.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I7/3634

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