抚仙湖沉积物重金属累积特征与风险评价

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摘要通过对抚仙湖不同湖区9根沉积短岩芯中重金属含量、粒度以及磁化率的分析,结合典型岩芯(FX12)²¹⁰Pb和¹³⁷Cs定年结果,研究了重金属含量、污染和生态风险的时空变化特征.结果表明,抚仙湖沉积物粒度组成以黏土(<4μm)及细粉砂(4~16μm)为主.重金属元素含量具有一定的空间差异性,Zn、Pb和Cd含量在北部和南部湖区较高,Hg、Cu和As含量在南部湖区呈现高值,其中FX4岩芯中元素含量总体较高,与其较高的黏土含量和人为污染有关.不同湖区沉积岩芯中金属元素含量垂向变化规律相似,1950年之前,沉积岩芯中金属元素含量较为稳定;1950年以来,Al、Cr、Ni和Cu含量逐渐降低,而As、Hg、Zn、Pb和Cd含量呈不同程度的升高趋势.根据富集系数结果,沉积物中主要污染元素为As、Cd、Pb和Zn,污染开始于1980年左右并逐渐加重,其中近表层沉积物中Cd达较强污染水平.沉积岩芯中As、Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn的人为污染累积量存在一定的空间差异,其中As污染累积量在中部和南部湖区相对较高.由于人为污染输入,沉积物中重金属由低生态风险上升为中等生态风险;近表层沉积物中Hg和Cd具有中高生态风险,其余元素为低生态风险.

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	白广一
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	刘恩峰
	张恩楼

关键词 ：沉积物, 重金属, 时空变化, 污染与生态风险, 抚仙湖

Abstract：Combining with the ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs dating results of typical core FX12, this study investigated the spatial and temporal variations of heavy metal concentrations and pollution in sediments from different areas of Fuxian Lake by analyzing the heavy metal concentration, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility of 9 short sediment cores. The results showed that the grain size compositions of sediments in Fuxian Lake were mainly composed of clay (<4μm) and fine silt (4~16μm). The heavy metal concentrations exhibited certain spatial variations, with higher concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the northern and southern lake areas and higher concentrations of Hg, Cu, and As in the southern lake area. Generally, heavy metal concentrations were higher in core FX4 than in others, which were related to the higher clay content and pollution. The vertical variation trends of metal concentrations were similar in the sediment cores from different lake areas. Before 1950, concentrations of metals were relatively stable. Since 1950, concentrations of Al, Cr, Ni and Cu gradually decreased, while concentrations of As, Hg, Zn, Pb and Cd have shown varying degrees of increase. Based on the results of enrichment factors, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were identified as the main pollutants, and the pollution began at around 1980 and gradually increased. Among the pollutants, Cd reached a strong pollution level in the near-surface sediment. The accumulative amount of anthropogenic As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn showed spatial differences in the sediment cores, with relatively higher values for As in the central and southern lake areas. Due to anthropogenic pollution inputs, the ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment cores increased from low to medium, with Hg and Cd posing a medium to high ecological risk in near-surface sediments and the other metals posing low ecological risks.

Key words： sediment heavy metals spatio-temporal variations pollution and ecological risk Fuxian Lake

收稿日期: 2022-11-28

PACS:

X54

基金资助:中国湖泊沉积物底质调查专项(2014FY110400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42177385)

通讯作者: 刘恩峰,教授,liuenfeng@sdnu.edu.cn E-mail: liuenfeng@sdnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 白广一(2000-),男,山东聊城人,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士研究生,主要研究方向为环境变化与人类活动.发表论文1篇.baiguangyi2000@163.com

引用本文:

白广一, 赵克良, 刘恩峰, 张恩楼. 抚仙湖沉积物重金属累积特征与风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(7): 3625-3633. BAI Guang-yi, ZHAO Ke-liang, LIU En-feng, ZHANG En-lou. Accumulation characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Fuxian Lake. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(7): 3625-3633.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I7/3625

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