室内装修甲醛污染健康效应及经济影响评价

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1193 KB) HTML (0 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要基于室内甲醛浓度质量守恒定律,构建包含室内温度、湿度和换气次数等参数的甲醛浓度动态质量平衡模型,运用美国环保署(US EPA)的健康风险评估模型对甲醛污染致癌风险进行评价,在估算装修比例的基础上测算了我国室内装修甲醛污染致癌人数及经济损失,并使用蒙特卡洛模拟进行不确定性与敏感性分析.结果表明:①2020年全国室内装修后甲醛浓度平均值为146.89mg/m²,甲醛暴露致癌风险平均值为9.07x10^-4,两者呈现"北高南低"的空间分布特征,其中北方呈现"冬高春低"的季节分布特征,南方呈现"夏高冬低"的季节分布特征,新疆西部和内蒙古西部装修后甲醛浓度及致癌风险最高.②2020年全国住宅装修比例为14.4%,这导致甲醛污染致癌人数达2548人,占我国新增癌症人数的0.06%,南方甲醛污染致癌人数高于北方,京津冀及周边地区、长三角地区甲醛暴露致癌人数高于其余城市群.③2020年全国室内装修甲醛污染直接造成DALY达到21656人年,经济损失达258.88亿元,占全国GDP的0.026%.④蒙特卡洛模拟表明,中国室内装修甲醛浓度与致癌风险均值与点估计基本保持一致,两者相对误差均保持在5%左右,敏感性分析表明暴露时间、换气次数、甲醛释放速率是影响甲醛暴露健康风险的最重要因素.未来应进一步重视室内装修引起的甲醛致癌风险,居民应主要通过减少在装修环境下的暴露时间,增加室内换气次数和合理调节室内温、湿度上预防甲醛的危害.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	曾贤刚
	李康玮
	王琦

关键词 ：室内装修, 甲醛污染, 健康效应, 经济损失

Abstract：Based on the mass conservation law of indoor formaldehyde concentration, a dynamic mass balance model of formaldehyde concentration including indoor temperature, humidity and air change times was constructed. The risk of carcinogenesis caused by formaldehyde pollution was evaluated using the health risk assessment model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). On the basis of estimating the proportion of decoration, the number of carcinogens caused by formaldehyde pollution from indoor decoration in China and the economic loss were calculated, Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze the uncertainty and sensitivity. The results show that:① The average formaldehyde concentration after indoor decoration in 2020 was 146.89μg/m³, the average carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde exposure was 9.07×10^-4, the two showed the spatial distribution characteristics of "high in the north and low in the south", in which the north exhibited the seasonal distribution characteristics of "high in winter and low in spring", and the south exhibited the seasonal distribution characteristics of "high in summer and low in winter". The formaldehyde concentration and carcinogenic risk were highest in western Xinjiang and western Inner Mongolia after decoration. ② In 2020, the proportion of housing decoration nationwide was 14.4%, which led to 2548people being carcinogenic due to formaldehyde pollution, accounting for 0.06% of the new cancer population in China. The number of people being carcinogenic due to formaldehyde pollution in the south was higher than that in the north. The number of people being carcinogenic due to formaldehyde exposure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban agglomeration and the Yangtze River Delta were higher than that in other cities. ③In 2020, DALY reaching 21656person years and economic loss reaching 25.888billion yuan, which accounted for 0.026% of the national GDP, were directly caused by formaldehyde pollution of indoor decoration in China. ④ The consistency between the average value and point estimation of formaldehyde concentration and carcinogenic risk in China's interior decoration was demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulation, and a relative error of approximately 5% was observed. It was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis that the health risk of formaldehyde exposure was most significantly impacted by exposure time, air exchange rate, and formaldehyde rate.

Key words： indoor decoration formaldehyde pollution health effects economic loss

收稿日期: 2023-01-18

PACS:

X503

基金资助:中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”资助项目(21XNL006)

通讯作者: 李康玮,博士,likangwei@ruc.edu.cn E-mail: likangwei@ruc.edu.cn

作者简介: 曾贤刚(1972-),男,江西九江人,教授,博士,主要从事环境与资源经济学研究.发表论文100余篇.zengxg@ruc.edu.cn

引用本文:

曾贤刚, 李康玮, 王琦. 室内装修甲醛污染健康效应及经济影响评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(8): 4370-4381. ZENG Xian-gang, LI Kang-wei, WANG Qi. Health effects and economic losses of formaldehyde pollution in interior decoration. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(8): 4370-4381.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I8/4370

[1]	Liang W. Long-term indoor formaldehyde variations and health risk assessment in Chinese urban residences following renovation[J]. Building and environment, 2021,206:108402.
[2]	Huang L, Mo J, Sundell J, et al. Health risk assessment of inhalation exposure to formaldehyde and benzene in newly remodeled buildings, Beijing[J]. Plos One, 2013,8(11):79553.
[3]	汪涌波.人造板在模拟室内环境甲醛释放规律的研究[D].广州:中山大学, 2010. Wang Y B. The study on the formaldehyde emission of wood-·based panel simulating the indoor environment[D]. Gungzhou:Sun Yat-sen University, 2010.
[4]	王琼,肖康.中国城市住宅室内甲醛浓度及影响因素(英文)[J].化学进展, 2022,34(3):743-772. Qiong W, Kang X. Indoor formaldehyde concentrations and the influencing factors in urban china[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 34(3):743.
[5]	梁晓军,施健,赵萍,等.中国居民室内甲醛暴露水平及健康效应研究进展[J].环境卫生学杂志, 2017,7(2):170-181. Liang X J, Shi J, Zhao P, et al. Progress on indoor formaldehyde exposure and health effects in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2017,7(2):170-181.
[6]	Huang S, Wei W, Weschler L B, et al. Indoor formaldehyde concentrations in urban China:preliminary study of some important influencing factors[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 590:394-405.
[7]	Krzyzanowski M. WHO air quality guidelines for Europe[J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2008,71(1):47-50.
[8]	GB/T18883-2022室内空气质量标准[S]. GB/T18883-2022 Indoor air quality standards[S]
[9]	Tang X, Bai Y, Duong A, et al. Formaldehyde in China:production, consumption, exposure levels, and health effects[J]. Environment international, 2009,35(8):1210-1224.
[10]	侯荣,阿依博塔·吐尔逊别克,秦宁,等.室内空气中苯并[a]芘的健康限值研究[J].中国环境科学, 2020,40(5):2287-2294 Hou R, Ayibota T, Qin N, et al. Research on benzo[a]pyrene criteria in indoor air[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(5):2287-2294.
[11]	赵文静,马雪璞,阿依博塔·吐尔逊别克,等.基于中国人群暴露风险的室内苯健康限值推导[J].中国环境科学, 2022,42(10):4889-4900. Zhao W J, Ma X P, Ayibota T, et al. Derivation of indoor benzene threshold value based on carcinogenic risk assessment of Chinese population[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022,42(10):4889-4900.
[12]	曲洪娟,秦华鹏,姚婷婷,等.室内空气污染预测方法的实证研究[J].环境科学, 2008,29(2):290-295. Qu H J, Qin H P, Yao T T, et al. Validation of a prediction method for indoor air pollution[J]. Environmental Science, 2008,29(2):290-295.
[13]	Chi C, Chen W, Guo M, et al. Law and features of tvoc and formaldehyde pollution in urban indoor air[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2016,132:85-90.
[14]	池东,李立清.人造板甲醛释放灰色模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,45(5):1724-1731. Chi D, Li L Q. Grey model for formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2014,45(5):1724-1731.
[15]	王琨,李玉华,赵庆良,等.室内空气中的甲醛检测分析及其预测模型[J].中国环境科学, 2004,24(6):658-661. Wang K, Li Y H, Zhao Q L, et al. Indoor air formaldehyde measurement analysis and its prediction model[J]. China Environmental Science, 2004,24(6):658-661.
[16]	杨叶,李立清,马卫武,等.相对湿度、温度对胶合板甲醛释放的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2016,36(2):390-397. Yang Y, Li L Q, Ma W W, et al. Effect of relative humidity and temperature on formaldehyde emissions of plywood panels[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(2):390-397.
[17]	Xiong J, Zhang P, Huang S, et al. Comprehensive influence of environmental factors on the emission rate of formaldehyde and VOCs in building materials:Correlation development and exposure assessment[J]. Environmental research, 2016,151:734-741.
[18]	Zhang Z F, Zhang X, Zhang X, et al. Indoor occurrence and health risk of formaldehyde, toluene, xylene and total volatile organic compounds derived from an extensive monitoring campaign in Harbin, a megacity of China[J]. Chemosphere, 2020,250:126324.
[19]	Soltanpour Z, Mohammadian Y, Fakhri Y. The exposure to formaldehyde in industries and health care centers:A systematic review and probabilistic health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Research, 2022,204:112094.
[20]	Rovira J, Roig N, Nadal M, et al. Human health risks of formaldehyde indoor levels:An issue of concern[J]. Journal of environmental science and health, part a, 2016,51(4):357-363.
[21]	李新.建筑材料对室内空气质量的影响及其评价[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2004. Li X. Influence of building materials on indoor air quality and its evaluation[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2004.
[22]	Huang S, Xiong J, Zhang Y. A rapid and accurate method, ventilated chamber C-history method, of measuring the emission characteristic parameters of formaldehyde/VOCs in building materials[J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2013,261:542-549.
[23]	Nguyen J L, Schwartz J, Dockery D W. The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature, apparent temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity[J]. Indoor air, 2014,24(1):103-112.
[24]	Yang M, Lei H. Correlating indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in megacities in China[C]//E3S Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, 2022,356:03037.
[25]	Lee K, Lee D. The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature in two types of residence[J]. Energy Procedia, 2015, 78:2851-2856.
[26]	文祥凤,洪玲,黄志辉.昼间室内外温度和湿度特征比较[J].广西科学院学报, 2004,20(1):26-28. Wen X F, Hong L, Huang Z H. Comparison of characteristics of temperature and relative humidity between indoor and outdoor at the daytime[J]. Journal of Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 2004,20(1):26-28.
[27]	Zhang H, Yoshino H. Analysis of indoor humidity environment in chinese residential buildings[J]. Building and Environment, 2010, 45(10):2132-2140.
[28]	孙红宾,赵素利,祁鹏.室内空气中甲醛和苯与温湿度及大气压关系的统计分析[J].岩矿测试, 2008,27(2):158-160. Sun H B, Zhao S L, Qi P. Statistic analysis of the release characteristics of formaldehyde and benzene in indoor air[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2008,27(2):158-160.
[29]	刘赟.上海郊区室内热舒适与空气品质研究及其测试系统开发[D].上海:东华大学, 2010. Liu Y. Study on thermal comfort, IAQ in Shanghai suburb and the testing system based on labview[D]. Shanghai:Donghua University, 2010.
[30]	周范卓,王昭俊,苏小文,等.夏热冬冷地区过渡季热适应模型研究[J].暖通空调, 2022,52(3):132-136. Zhou F Z, Wang Z J, Su X W, et al. Thermal adaptation model of transition seasons in hot summer and cold winter zone[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2022,52(3):132-136.
[31]	张静,李念平,周淋萱,等.长沙市某办公建筑室内热环境与供暖行为研究[J].热科学与技术, 2021,20(6):607-615. Z J, Li N P, Zhou L X, et al. Analysis on indoor thermal environment and heating behaviours of an office building in Changsha[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2021,20(6):607-615.
[32]	李念平,刘鹏龙,伍志斌.长沙高校宿舍夏季热舒适与热适应现场调研[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2019,51(4):194-200. Li N P, Liu P L, Wu Z B. Field survey on summer thermal comfort and adaptation of university dormitories in Changsha[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019,51(4):194-200.
[33]	Liu W W, Zhang Y P, Yao Y. Labeling of volatile organic compounds emissions from Chinese furniture:Consideration and practice[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013,58(28):3499-3506.
[34]	Yao M, Zhao B. Distribution of air change rates in residential buildings in Beijing, China[C]//The International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. Springer, Singapore, 2019:1149-1156.
[35]	Geelen L M J, Huijbregts M A J, den Hollander H, et al. Confronting environmental pressure, environmental quality and human health impact indicators of priority air emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009,43(9):1613-1621.
[36]	曾凡夫,陈洁平,潘刚雷,等.宁波市非新装修住宅中甲醛的分布和健康风险评估[J].环境与职业医学, 2021,38(12):1340-1344. Zeng F F, Chen J P, Pan G L, et al. Distribution and health risk assessment of formaldehyde in non-newly decorated houses in Ningbo, China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021,38(12):1340-1344.
[37]	Zhou Y, Li C, Huijbregts M A J, et al. Carcinogenic air toxics exposure and their cancer-related health impacts in the United States[J]. PloS one, 2015,10(10):e0140013.19.
[38]	吕双汝,靳艳军,刘国涛,等.住宅装修垃圾产生量特性分析及管理对策:以北京市大兴旧宫为例[J].环境工程, 2022,40(7):186-192. Lv S R, Jin Y J, Liu G T, et al. Characteristics of residential decoration waste generation and management measures:a case study on old palace area in Daxing District, Beijing[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2022,40(7):186-192.
[39]	Sun P, Zhang N, Zuo J, et al. Characterizing the generation and flows of building interior decoration and renovation waste:A case study in Shenzhen City[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2020,260:121077.
[40]	Zhang B, Zeng R, Li X. Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials[J]. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 2019,6(3):406-415.
[41]	Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. An LCA-based environmental impact assessment model for construction processes[J]. Building and Environment, 2010,45(3):766-775.
[42]	Viscusi W K, Aldy J E. The value of a statistical life:a critical review of market estimates throughout the world[J]. Journal of risk and uncertainty, 2003,27(1):5-76.
[43]	Li X, Song Z, Wang T, et al. Health impacts of construction noise on workers:A quantitative assessment model based on exposure measurement[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016,135:721-731.
[44]	段小丽.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)概要[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2014:68-69. Duan X L. Highlights of the Chinese exposure factors handbook (Adults)[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Press, 2014:68-69.
[45]	Huang S, Xiong J, Cai C, et al. Influence of humidity on the initial emittable concentration of formaldehyde and hexaldehyde in building materials:experimental observation and correlation[J]. Scientific reports, 2016,6(1):1-9.
[46]	李志生,郭初.温湿度对典型家具材料甲醛散发的影响研究[J].广东工业大学学报, 2015,32(2):132-136. Li Z S, Guo C. Influence study of temperature and humidity in formaldehyde emission from typical furniture material[J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Technology, 2015,32(2):132-136.
[47]	于海霞,徐漫平,方崇荣,等.人造板甲醛穿孔萃取法与气体分析法的比较与相关性[J].林产工业, 2012,39(5):45-47. Yu H X, Xu M P, Fang C R, et al. Comparison and relativity between perforator method and gas analysis method for determining of formaldehyde emission from wood-based panel[J]. China Forest Products Industry, 2012,39(5):45-47.
[48]	冯文如,于鸿,郑睦锐,等.广州市室内环境中苯和甲醛的健康风险评价[J].环境卫生学杂志, 2011,1(6):7-10. Feng W R, Yu H, Zheng M R, et al. Health risk assessment of benzene and formaldehyde in indoor environment in guangzhou city[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2011,1(6):7-10.
[49]	Zhou B, Zhao B, Guo X, et al. Investigating the geographical heterogeneity in PM10-mortality associations in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES):A potential role of indoor exposure to PM10 of outdoor origin[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,75:217-223.
[50]	陈宇炼,唐加林,张敏会,等.吸烟对室内空气污染的研究[J].环境与健康杂志, 2008,25(12):1080-1082. Chen Y L, Tang J L, Zhang M H, et al. Indoor air pollution caused by smoking[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2008,25(12):1080-1082.
[51]	郭浩,张秀喜,丁志伟,等.家庭烹饪油烟污染物排放特征研究[J].环境监控与预警, 2018,10(1):51-56. Guo H, Zhang X X, Ding Z W, et al. Research on emission characteristics of family cooking fume[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2018,10(1):51-56.
[52]	石晶金,袁东,赵卓慧.我国住宅室内PM2.5来源及浓度的影响因素研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志, 2015,32(9):825-829. Shi J J, Yuan D, Zhao Z H. Residential indoor PM2.5 sources, concentration and influencing factors in china[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2015,32(9):825-829.
[53]	刘军,卓玉国.秦皇岛室内甲醛污染现状调查及其防控[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报, 2014,24(5):16-17,32. Liu J, Zhuo Y G. Investigation and control of indoor formaldehyde pollution in Qinhuangdao[J]. Journal of the Environmental Management College of China, 2014,24(5):16-17,32.
[54]	Yu C W F, Kim J T. Long-term impact of formaldehyde and voc emissions from wood-based products on indoor environments; and issues with recycled products[J]. Indoor and Built Environment, 2012,21(1):137-149.