三峡库区短颌鲚重金属累积特征及来源解析

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摘要以三峡库区四条一级支流(梅溪河、草堂河、大宁河和澎溪河)中短颌鲚为研究对象,在调查鱼体肌肉Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Ag、Cd和Pb10种重金属污染水平的基础上,探讨了其重金属累积特征,辨析了重金属来源,并进一步评估了其健康风险.研究结果表明,三峡库区短颌鲚Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd和Pb的平均含量均低于相应的标准限值2.00、50.00、50.00、1.00、1.00、0.10、0.50mg/kg,但与库区营养级相近的其他肉食性鱼类相比,短颌鲚表现出较强的重金属累积能力.另外,不同流域间短颌鲚体内部分重金属表现出显著的空间差异.同时,短颌鲚体内重金属的累积受到自身生长状况的影响,并且这种影响与重金属种类有关.主成分分析结果表明短颌鲚体内重金属的主要来源有化石燃料燃烧､金属冶炼和工业污水排放,同时梅溪河中短颌鲚受Zn、Cu和As影响较大,而草堂河中短颌鲚受Cr和Ni的影响较大.健康风险评估结果显示,单一(THQ)和复合重金属风险系数(TTHQ)均小于1,表明目前食用三峡库区短颌鲚不会威胁人体健康,但其中As对TTHQ的贡献率高达77%.本文研究结果可为长江食物网中重金属的研究提供基础数据.

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关键词 ：三峡库区, 重金属, 短颌鲚, 累积效应, 来源, 健康风险

Abstract：This study investigated the accumulation characteristics of 10heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, and Pb) in the muscle of Coilia nasus collected from four primary tributaries (Meixi River, Caotang River, Daning River, and Pengxi River) in the Three Gorges Reservoir, and identified the sources of heavy metals and assessed the associated health risks. The average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, and Pb in the muscle tissue of C. nasus specimens from the Three Gorges Reservoir area were found to be below the corresponding standard limits of 2.00, 50.00, 50.00, 1.00, 1.00, 0.10, and 0.50mg/kg. However, compared to other carnivorous fish at similar trophic levels within the reservoir, C. nasus exhibited a notable capacity for accumulating heavy metals. Significant spatial differences were observed in the levels of certain heavy metals in fish from different tributaries. Furthermore, the accumulation of heavy metals was found to be influenced by growth conditions, with varying effects depending on the specific heavy metal. Principal component analysis revealed that combustion of fossil fuels, metal smelting, and industrial wastewater discharge were the major sources of heavy metals in the C. nasus. Specifically, fish specimens from the Meixi River were primarily affected by Zn, Cu, and As, whereas those from the Caotang River were predominantly influenced by Cr and Ni. Health risk assessment results indicate that the single (THQ) and compound (TTHQ) heavy metal risk coefficients were less than 1, suggesting that current consumption of C. nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir is unlikely to pose a risk to human health. However, it is noteworthy that As accounted for 77% of the TTHQ, thereby indicating a relatively high contribution to the overall health risk. Overall, this study provides fundamental data for understanding the presence of heavy metals within the food web of the Yangtze River and their potential implications.

Key words： Three Gorges Reservoir area heavy metals Coilia nasus cumulative effect sources health risk assessment

收稿日期: 2023-01-16

PACS:

X524

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107413)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(XDJK2017B035)

通讯作者: 王永敏,副教授,wangym540@swu.edu.cn E-mail: wangym540@swu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈倩(1999-),女,重庆丰都人,硕士研究生,研究方向为污染物的环境地球化学过程.chennqian@email.swu.edu.cn

引用本文:

陈倩, 谢青, 李游镒, 吕红健, 李佳佳, 王永敏, 王定勇. 三峡库区短颌鲚重金属累积特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(8): 4360-4369. CHEN Qian, XIE Qing, LI You-yi, LÜ Hong-jian, LI Jia-jia, WANG Yong-min, WANG Ding-yong. Accumulation and sources assessment of heavy metals of Coilia nasus in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(8): 4360-4369.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I8/4360

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