2000~2021年中国沙尘传输路径特征及气象成因分析

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摘要通过统计中国673个沙尘观测站点的地面资料,并结合气象条件分析,确定了北方地区沙尘天气的演变规律和传输特征,以及气象要素变化影响.结果表明:2000~2021年中国北方沙尘天气过程的发生频次及强度总体呈现下降趋势.春季沙尘事件占比达到77.8%,其中近40%出现在4月,显著高于其它月份.在五种典型沙尘传输路径中,西北路径型、偏西路径型和偏北路型最为主要,其比重分别为38.5%、32.9%和18.2%.同时,春季沙尘的输送路径具有阶段性分布特点,具体表现为2000~2006年以西北路径为主,2007~2013年为过渡期呈现偏西路径增多西北路径减少的态势,直至二者比例相当,2014~2021年则调整为以偏西来向为春季沙尘天气的主要传输路径.此外,气象分析表明,近年来春季气候已转为"暖湿型",东亚沙尘整体趋于减弱.但亚洲极涡中心逐渐西移北抬、移至新地岛以东地区,西北亚与中亚之间存在较强海平面气压差,境内西北地区中东部主要沙源地低层风速持续增大,均有利于偏西路径型沙尘天气的产生.

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关键词 ：沙尘天气, 春季, 传输路径, 气象条件, 东亚

Abstract：Based on the analysis of the ground data from 673 dust observation stations in China and meteorological conditions over the past 22 years, the evolution and transmission characteristics of sand and dust (SDS) weather processes in northern China, as well as the effects of changes in meteorological factors were determined. The frequency and intensity of SDS events in Northern China during 2000 to 2021 showed a decreasing trend. SDS events in spring accounted for 77.8%, of which nearly 40% occurred in April, significantly higher than other months. Among the five typical transmission paths, the northwest path, the western path, and the northern path types were the most important, accounting for 38.5%, 32.9% and 18.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the transmission path of dust in spring has the characteristics of staged distribution. From 2000 to 2006, the northwest path was dominant. During the transition period from 2007 to 2013, the transition period showed an increasing trend in the western path and a decreasing trend in the northwest path until the two were equally proportioned. After 2014, the western path was adjusted to become the main transmission path for spring dust weather for spring SDS weather. In addition, the spring climate has turned to ‘warm and humid’ type, and East Asian SDS has generally weakened. However, the center of the Asian polar vortex gradually moved westward and northward, moving to the east of Novaya Zemlya. There was a strong sea-level pressure gradient between Northwest Asia and Central Asia, and the low-level wind speeds in the main dust sources in the central and eastern parts of Northwest China continued to increase, which was conductive to the increase of western path SDS events.

Key words： sand and dust weather spring season transmission pathway meteorological condition East Asia

收稿日期: 2023-02-20

PACS:

X513

基金资助:国家自然科学基金气象联合基金资助项目(U2242209)；国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3701205)；中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室开放课题(2022B01)；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42005095,41905121)；国家气象中心现代化专项(QXXDH202222)

通讯作者: 安林昌,高工,anlch@cma.gov.cn E-mail: anlch@cma.gov.cn

作者简介: 徐冉(1990-),女,北京市人,工程师,硕士,主要从事环境气象预报及评估研究.发表论文10余篇.xuran1115@163.com

引用本文:

徐冉, 张碧辉, 安林昌, 李雷, 迟茜元, 江琪. 2000~2021年中国沙尘传输路径特征及气象成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(9): 4450-4458. XU Ran, ZHANG Bi-hui, AN Lin-chang, LI Lei, CHI Xi-yuan, JIANG Qi. Analysis of sand and dust storm transport paths characteristics and meteorological causes in China from 2000 to 2021. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(9): 4450-4458.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V43/I9/4450

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